tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18124313367776918862024-03-13T22:07:40.026-04:00The Mermaid's TaleAnne Buchananhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09212151396672651221noreply@blogger.comBlogger1812125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1812431336777691886.post-31016654899534977282021-07-04T07:26:00.019-04:002021-07-04T08:36:09.408-04:00Let's get Genetic Drift in K-12 evolution education standards<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oTyB5IYtDfo/YOGVqVr6rqI/AAAAAAAAFbk/9FmJQz6OnI4qpvH3x6SV7r3hAUAf2JrSgCLcBGAsYHQ/s561/Genetic%2Bdrift%2Brevelation.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="178" data-original-width="561" height="127" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oTyB5IYtDfo/YOGVqVr6rqI/AAAAAAAAFbk/9FmJQz6OnI4qpvH3x6SV7r3hAUAf2JrSgCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h127/Genetic%2Bdrift%2Brevelation.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">An undergraduate reflecting back on what they learned in introductory human origins and evolution.</span> </td></tr></tbody></table><p>Perpetual chance change is the only way evolution makes sense to me. Without it, natural selection, none of it, makes sense to me. It seems to be true for my students as well. Check out these three examples. </p><p>1. “When I learned about evolution in high school, I may have known the biological mechanism (mutations) and natural selection, but I did not know about genetic drift and gene flow. Out of those two, I thought genetic drift was more surprising to learn about. I always thought evolution was driven by natural selection, “survival of the fittest.” While that may produce the most rapid change in organisms, evolution is always happening through genetic drift. Mutations are always occurring and if a mutation is passed down parent to offspring that does not impede the offspring from reproducing then that mutation will appear in the subsequent generations. The mutation does not have to have any inherit benefits, the organism just has to survive until successful reproduction. I liked the catchphrase of genetic drift “survival of that which does not suck too badly.””</p><p>2. “One new thing I learned this week was genetic drift. I believe genetic drift was briefly mentioned in my biology class, but I was very confused on what it was and how it played a role in evolution. I was interested to learn about genetic drift, because it opened up my eyes to realize that evolution didn't just occur because of "survival of the fittest" and geographic isolation. Evolution also occurred in part because of random chance. This concept makes total sense, and yet before learning about it, it had never crossed my mind. While Darwin was correct in his principles on the theory of evolution, it is important to remember that there is more to evolution (and more people who contributed to our knowledge of evolution) than just Darwin. APG 201 and learning about genetic drift helped me to realize that this week.”</p><p>3. "I was also fascinated to learn about genetic drift because I have always wondered if there is any accidental evolution of traits. It was really interesting to learn that traits can in fact disappear through evolution accidentally even if they weren't necessarily undesirable traits. Evolution is not always carrying forward only hand-picked traits. There are random, unintentional chances in alleles that still happen and contribute to evolution. This is pretty cool because I often find myself (when learning about evolution) wondering how the traits of a species were important to them and what role they had in the evolution of the species. For example, did an animal only evolve brown fur because they can hide better? According to genetic drift, the allele for white fur may have just been bred out unintentionally. I now know that sometimes a trait doesn't have an intentional role in helping the species at all, genetic drift may just have caused this trait randomly.”</p><p style="text-align: center;">**</p><p>In the USA, K-12 evolution education standards are missing GENETIC DRIFT as well as the word NEUTRAL.</p><p>(see here: <a href="https://www.nextgenscience.org/topic-arrangement/hsnatural-selection-and-evolution" target="_blank"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">https://www.nextgenscience.org/topic-arrangement/hsnatural-selection-and-evolution</span></a>)</p><p>I don't know how to understand life's perpetual change without those fundamentals.</p><p>If students know about meiosis (which *is* in the standards), then they know about genetic drift. It's just a matter of linking meiosis to evolution. </p><p>Genetic drift is a very simple concept and makes natural selection make a whole lot more sense!</p><p>I shout about this on Twitter and I get "just be happy anyone teaches evolution in K-12 at all" and "teachers don't know about drift" in response. But evolution without genetic drift is not evolution, and if teachers knew about drift, then they'd be more comfortable teaching evolution. I guarantee it! </p><p>Without drift, it's too easy to just replace God with natural selection. And that habit of narrating evolution by giving agency to natural selection is super-duper weird for non-believers let alone for believers! (This a no hatred of religion, faith, or creationism zone.)</p><p>Genetic drift paves the way for thinking about and then narrating evolution as the constant change that life/nature/biology is. Everyone gets that time is just constant change and they will get that nature/biology/life is too. They embody it themselves, being different from their parents. </p><p>Plus, continuing to teach evolution as only being natural selection (which is what the standards are doing), is also dangerous. That selection-obsessed mindset is tied to racism, sexism, essentialism... all the stuff that we have to remove from our species' shared origin story. Darwin only had selection (not drift, etc) to work with and look what his imagination did with evolution: <a href="http://ecodevoevo.blogspot.com/2021/02/descent-of-man-150-years-later-with.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: #2b00fe;">racism, sexism, essentialism</span></a></p><p><b>If we want to get the science right which will also improve its cultural consequences, then we have to teach genetic drift to our kids when they are learning evolution. </b></p><p><b>Perpetual. Chance. Change. That's all it is. </b></p><p><b>But it's a big part of how we're going to remove the racism, sexism, etc from our species' shared origin story and finally write one that is worthy of all humankind. A story that we all deserve. </b></p><p>I do not know how to even begin to suggest, or lobby for, these changes to people with actual power over K-12 education standards. If you do, please consider pointing me in the right direction and I'd be so grateful: holly_dunsworth at uri.edu</p>Holly Dunsworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05260104967932801186noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1812431336777691886.post-78662592696137232632021-07-01T08:17:00.008-04:002021-07-06T13:07:27.777-04:00A Distorting Treatment, RE: "The Descent of Man", 150 years on<p> Hi all,</p><p>I submitted an eletter in response to <a href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/372/6544/769/tab-e-letters" target="_blank">Whiten et al.'s eletter</a> in response to <a href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/372/6544/769" target="_blank">Agustín Fuentes' editorial </a>in Science. Given the crickets in my inbox, Science probably won't publish it, so I'm publishing it here. </p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Submitted to
Science June 22, 2021<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; line-height: 107%;">Update: It was published on July 6 without any notice to me: <a href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/372/6544/769/tab-e-letters" target="_blank">https://science.sciencemag.org/content/372/6544/769/tab-e-letters </a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Whiten et al.<span> described Fuentes’ editorial as a “distorting treatment” of Darwin’s
writing in </span><i>Descent of Man</i><span>. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span>As counterpoint to Fuentes’ points about
Darwin’s racism and sexism, Whiten et al. wrote that, </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span></span></p><blockquote><span>On sexism, Darwin
suggested that education of “reason and imagination” would erase mental sex
differences (1, p. 329).</span></blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;">From that
sentence, a reader might reason that Darwin wrote about how educating women
could make them equal to men in mental powers. And, a reader might imagine that
Darwin advocated for such a thing. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Darwin did neither in the cited passage
which says, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></p><blockquote><span style="line-height: 107%;">In order
that woman should reach the same standard as man, she ought, when nearly adult,
to be trained to energy and perseverance, and to have her reason and
imagination exercised to the highest point; and then she would probably
transmit these qualities chiefly to her adult daughters. The whole body of
women, however, could not be thus raised, unless during many generations the
women who excelled in the above robust virtues were married, and produced
offspring in larger numbers than other women. As before remarked with respect
to bodily strength, although men do not now fight for the sake of obtaining
wives, and this form of selection has passed away, yet they generally have to
undergo, during manhood, a severe struggle in order to maintain themselves and
their families; and this will tend to keep up or even increase their mental
powers, and, as a consequence, the present inequality between the sexes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(1, p. 329)</span></blockquote><span style="line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;">There is no
hope for women and, by the end, Darwin is back on about how men are superior
and suggests that they may evolve to be even more so. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;">It took extraordinary
imagination to read that passage from <i>Descent of Man </i>and present it casually
in Darwin’s defense as Whiten et al. did. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Now that’s a distorting treatment. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Holly
Dunsworth <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Professor of
Anthropology<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;">University
of Rhode Island<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 107%;">(1) Darwin,
C. R. 1871. <i>The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex</i>.
London: John Murray. Volume 2. 1st edition, page 329: </span><a href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?keywords=imagination%20and%20reason&pageseq=346&itemID=F937.2&viewtype=text"><span style="line-height: 107%;">http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?keywords=imagination%20and%20reason&pageseq=346&itemID=F937.2&viewtype=text</span></a><span style="line-height: 107%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p></p>Holly Dunsworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05260104967932801186noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1812431336777691886.post-79183916697913974642021-06-10T13:43:00.027-04:002021-06-11T08:57:41.144-04:00Announcing "A People's Natural History" and inviting your voice to join the StoryCorps archive<p></p><div style="text-align: center;"><span><a href="https://archive.storycorps.org/communities/a-peoples-natural-history/" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="688" data-original-width="1845" height="149" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RgEa7zH1GIU/YMNJd_5-A2I/AAAAAAAAFaQ/3lHn8ZOgB-kzRgtfuAuGHJlkbsayRFJyACLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h149/APNH.png" width="400" /></a></span></div> Hello all,<p></p><p>While people can continue to diversify the professional study and communication of human origins and evolution, we can do something else to help humankind write a natural history that's fit for all humankind. </p><p>We can listen to humankind tell their story.</p><p>No matter where we call home, no matter what we do for a living, no matter how many degrees we have, no matter how many facts and fossils we know, no matter how religious (or not) we are, it's our voices that make up the story of where we came from, how we got here, how we fit in nature, and what it all means.</p><p>This is the <i>real</i> story of human evolution--how we understand it and incorporate it into our lives, our worldviews. </p><p>So, to hear those voices, I've created a Community at the StoryCorps Archive to curate people's stories about and related to evolution, cosmology, their place in nature, their Jurassic Park fantasies, and any other stories that people think fall under the category of natural history. </p><p>Our community is called <a href="https://archive.storycorps.org/question-lists/a-peoples-natural-history/" target="_blank">A People's Natural History</a> (aka APNH).</p><p>I just love <a href="https://storycorps.org/" target="_blank">StoryCorps</a>. Their motto is "Listen. Honor. Share." And my zoom instructor for the DIY course had the sign "LISTENING IS AN ACT OF LOVE" hung up on her wall. </p><p>I'm announcing A People's Natural History here before I've even posted a story of my own because I want the link to this blog post with this information to launch with that recording. And... I don't care if anyone else beats me to it. I'd be thrilled and would relish the opportunity to listen so soon to our first archived recording! Mine will be there shortly.</p><p>Please note that A People's Natural History is not a podcast. It is not for my profit (or StoryCorps'). It is not a research project (though it may inspire and inform some, separately). And it is not #scicomm (ditto). It's just something that I believe in and am helping to contribute.</p><p>Later in the summer I'll share ideas for how folks may incorporate A People's Natural History into their courses. For now, I just wanted you all to know it's live.</p><p>Our natural history belongs to every person on this planet—whether or not we agree on how to tell the stories of the ancient past and how to incorporate them into our views of life, death, religion, spirituality, and love. Through our diverse personal lenses, we are writing humanity’s epic tale, our shared story, together.</p><p>I hope to hear you there! </p><p>love & evolution,</p><p>Holly</p><br /><p><b>Here's how to participate in APNH</b></p><p>1.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Find a partner for this project (friend, neighbor, parent, offspring, sibling, ...) and prepare for your interview/conversation (see “How to prepare…” below). They must be 13 years or older. (I know that's disappointing, but SC is protecting children's internet privacy, which is not disappointing.)</p><p>2.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Download the <a href="https://storycorps.org/participate/storycorps-app/" target="_blank">StoryCorps App </a>(for an in-person interview with your partner on your phone) or <a href="https://storycorps.org/participate/storycorps-connect/" target="_blank">StoryCorps Connect</a> (for a remote interview with your partner). To learn how, go here: <a href="https://support.storycorps.me/hc/en-us">https://support.storycorps.me/hc/en-us</a> </p><p>3.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Find a good time and place to make your recording, schedule it with your partner</p><p>4.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Make your recording in a quiet place, phones turned off. Signal that you'd like to pause any time by making the time-out gesture.</p><p>5.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>While together, just after your conversation, decide whether to make your contribution public in the archive, or to keep it private. </p><p>6.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Add the keywords “A People’s Natural History” and “APNH” and archive your recording with the “A People’s Natural History” Community. Don't forget to add as many other keywords as you wish to help people find or stumble across your recording. </p><p><b>Here's how to prepare for your recorded conversation for APNH</b></p><p>Write your questions and share them a few weeks out from your scheduled recording date with your partner. Together, discuss themes/topics you wish to cover, what you (both) would not like to discuss, and suggest about 5 questions that you could ask your partner.</p><p>A thoughtful question can open up an entire thread of conversation. Feel free to develop your own questions or use the <a href="https://storycorps.org/participate/great-questions/" target="_blank">Great Questions</a> for inspiration. It can be helpful to start with some general questions before asking about more complex subjects.</p><p>There's a list of suggested questions (themed around natural history) at the APNH community page. See the bottom right of the screen <a href="https://archive.storycorps.org/communities/a-peoples-natural-history/" target="_blank">here</a>. As you prepare your questions (e.g. Tell me the story of how where people come from. What's your favorite animal and what's the story there? How do you commune with nature? Why do you love dinosaurs so much? etc....), you may wish to use any combination of those APNH suggested questions, grouped by theme, or none of them. But do keep in mind the APNH theme of natural history and the goal of inclusion (e.g. of religious beliefs, spirituality, less than cutting edge evolutionary science). </p><p>When you’re recording, it’s possible that you’ll disagree on some things and that’s okay. Listen without being adversarial. Disagree without being self-righteous. </p><p>You will have up to 40 minutes for your recording, but shorter ones may be more accessible to the public so please keep that in mind. </p><p><b>Great follow-up Questions</b></p><p>•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>How did that make you feel?</p><p>•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>What happened next?</p><p>•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Can you remember a specific time…?</p><p>•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Can you give me an example?</p><p>•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Can you paint a picture in words?</p><p>•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>What were you thinking when that happened?</p><p>•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Is there anything else you’d like to say?</p><p><br /></p><p><b>Questions? holly_dunsworth at uri dot edu</b></p><p><br /></p>Holly Dunsworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05260104967932801186noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1812431336777691886.post-11567831916990719792021-04-16T17:15:00.007-04:002021-04-16T18:18:07.113-04:00How to participate in the 2021 AAA meetings!<p>Hi all,</p><p>I'm president/chair (conflicting info as to which) of the Biological Anthropology Section (BAS) of the American Anthropological Association (AAA; americananthro.org) for the next two years. Rick Smith (@rickwasmith) and I have put together some information to hopefully help any one who would like to participate in the <a href="https://annualmeeting.americananthro.org/" target="_blank">AAA meetings </a>(every Fall, usually November) but isn't quite sure how to do so. Submitting to the AAAs can feel a lot different from submitting an abstract to the AAPA...at least, it did for me a few years ago when I tried to submit an abstract, failed, gave up, didn't attend, and then only became involved in AAA when my good friend Sharon was on the executive committee and pulled me in. I don't want it to be difficult or mysterious for people to participate in AAA, like it was for me. It's a lovely meeting and a lovely community to be involved in throughout the year. The cost obstacle is one that we can't really help out a whole lot with at this time (though Rick just shared that if you are a recent MA or PhD graduate, the AAA offers a free one-year membership and free section membership to the BAS, so you can try it out https://www.americananthro.org/ConnectWithAAA/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=20990). But this year the meeting is hybrid, so you can present remotely, which means that the cost of travel is not a thing! We're working with the AAA leadership to change how membership and meetings are done, going into the future, to cut down on the costs to individuals. In the meantime, if you can swing it join us! If you have something to say/present, propose it to us! </p><p>Thanks and best wishes to you all,</p><p>Holly</p><p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: 700; white-space: pre-wrap;">How to participate in the 2021 AAA meetings!</span></p><span id="docs-internal-guid-ac0fa889-7fff-ad03-21b4-3b39dd06b3e6"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">A how-to, for biological anthropologists and friends of the Biological Anthropology Section (BAS) of the AAA.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">What you need to know about BAS programming:</span></p><ul style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;"><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">We accept proposals for invited sessions, including: Oral Presentation Sessions, Roundtables/Townhalls, Conversations/Debates, Interviews, and Podcasts.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">We also accept individual volunteered papers and posters, which we will collect and organize into ad-hoc sessions.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">We also accept submissions for the 3-minute thesis competition and encourage you to submit your work!</span></p></li></ul><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">How we approach programming decisions:</span></p><ul style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;"><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">We are thrilled to evaluate all kinds of excellent proposals with priority given to those that are well aligned to the annual meeting theme, engage multiple subfields of anthropology, and that are broadly inclusive across race, sex, gender, sexuality, ability, and career stage, among others.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Remember that the AAAs are an opportunity to engage with anthropologists beyond our own subfields, and we will prioritize sessions that leverage the breadth and diversity of anthropological perspectives.</span></p></li></ul><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">For organizing an invited session, here are the basics:</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Step 1. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">With the conference theme in mind,</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">think of a great session topic and write a session abstract (500 words). This year’s theme is “Truth and Responsibility.” There are opportunities for both on-line and in-person events.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Step 2. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Think about what kind of format would work best: panel, roundtable, conversation, debate, etc? Here’s a handy flow chart from the AAAs about how to choose a format: </span><a href="https://annualmeeting.americananthro.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/2021-AAA-AM-Submission-Type-Decision-Flow-Chart.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">https://annualmeeting.americananthro.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/2021-AAA-AM-Submission-Type-Decision-Flow-Chart.pdf</span></a></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Step 3.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Think of a great set of inter-subdisciplinary anthropologists who are working in this area, and a more senior scholar whose expertise would be valuable as a session discussant to reflect on the perspectives that are presented and synthesize them.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Step 4. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Reach out to potential participants in your proposed event, share the session abstract, and see if they will commit to joining your session. For Oral Presentation Sessions, gather a list of tentative talk titles for all confirmed participants and ask them to prepare their individual abstracts prior to the submission deadline.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Step 5</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">: All proposals are evaluated by specific sections of the AAAs that you choose in advance. In addition to BAS, think of other AAA sections that can evaluate and potentially co-sponsor your proposed session. Section list available here: </span><a href="https://www.americananthro.org/ParticipateAndAdvocate/SJDList.aspx?navItemNumber=593" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">https://www.americananthro.org/ParticipateAndAdvocate/SJDList.aspx?navItemNumber=593</span></a></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Step 6.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> A few weeks before the deadline,</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">upload the session abstract to the submission portal. (</span><a href="https://annualmeeting.americananthro.org/" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">https://annualmeeting.americananthro.org/</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">). Enter the sections (e.g. BAS) that you want to evaluate your proposal, and to, hopefully, sponsor or co-sponsor it. Enter all the names, contact information, and talk titles for the session participants, where applicable. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Step 7. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Participants have until May 21 to upload their abstracts, after that you all have until May 26 to complete the whole process on-line.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Step 8. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Wait for the review process. Hope it’s accepted by one or more sections of the AAA. If it is, renew your membership, register for the meetings, and have a great AAAs!</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Note that membership and pre-registration are NOT required to submit an abstract or session, though you may be asked to set up a profile with the AAA.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Questions, concerns? Reach out to Rick W. A. Smith (BAS Program Chair; rsmith86 at gmu dot edu) and/or Holly Dunsworth (BAS Program co-Chair; holly_dunsworth at uri dot edu). We are happy to help you navigate the process!</span></p><div><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div></span>Holly Dunsworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05260104967932801186noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1812431336777691886.post-49369441006003399722021-03-25T13:59:00.005-04:002021-03-25T14:05:19.681-04:00Under Cover Agent<div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">Who is that maskèd one<br /></span><span><span style="font-size: large;">O'er there behind a screen?</span><br /></span><span style="font-size: large;">With eyes and nose but slightly shown<br /></span><span style="font-size: large;">And mouth that lurks unseen</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">Who can he be (or she!) </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>That so space</span><span>d out we are</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">To keep our distance free</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">Seems stealthing 'way from me?</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div><span style="font-size: large;">Eyeing out o'er covered face</span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;">With distance building stride</span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;">Avoiding me as if I'd plague?</span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;">Or why, I wonder, else?</span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"> </div>Ken Weisshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02049713123559138421noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1812431336777691886.post-22576936771660623082021-02-14T10:45:00.004-05:002021-02-15T08:07:59.579-05:00Descent of Man, 150 years later (with link to video)<p>Yesterday <a href="https://leakeyfoundation.org/" target="_blank">The Leakey Foundation</a> and J<a href="https://anthropology.dartmouth.edu/people/jeremy-desilva" target="_blank">eremy "Jerry" DeSilva</a> put on a special Darwin Day event focused on Darwin's book <i>Descent of Man</i>, these 150 years after its initial publication. There are several short talks and some rich Q&A discussions in between them, featuring some of the authors of chapters in Jerry's edited volume <i><a href="https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691191140/a-most-interesting-problem" target="_blank">A Most Interesting Problem: What Darwin's Descent of Man Got Right and Wrong about Human Evolution</a>. </i> If you are at all interested in human evolution or Darwin, it is probably worth your time. </p><p>The Leakey folks recorded it and posted it here on youtube: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqbZD4Vmwjc">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqbZD4Vmwjc</a></p><p>I've pasted the script to my 10 minute spiel, about halfway through the event, below. </p><p>I self-plagiarized from my chapter in <i>A Most Interesting Problem</i>, from the talk I've recently been giving wherever they'll have me (about sex differences in the skeleton), and from my book manuscript (I AM EVOLUTION)....</p><p>Start here...</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt;">Until
we wrote this book with Jerry, I just saw <i>Descent of Man</i> as the source
for Darwin’s formulation of sexual selection, using powerful evidence from across
the animal kingdom. What I hadn’t done, until I wrote my chapter, was pay much
attention to Darwin’s ideas about humans. I had only peeked at a few of those pages,
had seen the word “savages,” and then couldn’t bear to actually pay attention.</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt;">What
for? Being based on such outdated and limited evidence, those pages wouldn’t
advance my understanding of human evolution, so I didn’t think they were worth
my time. But to write this chapter, I had to give those pages my time, and
while I read and re-read and raged, I realized what I already knew but hadn’t
yet faced: <i>Descent of Man</i>’s greatest legacy is not the scientific power
of sexual selection; it’s Darwin’s racist and sexist narratives of human
evolution.</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt;">Descent
of Man</span></i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt;"> is
just the absolute pits for so many people, like me. His book was better for
birds, beagles, and baboons than it was for billions of humans!</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt;">So,
for scientists, <i>Descent of Man</i> is a foundational theoretical
masterpiece, albeit riddled with errors that Darwin can be forgiven for making
in his time, without these 150 years of scientific progress that we enjoy
today. But for humanity, Darwin’s book has been a curse. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">The scientific value of </span><i style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Descent of Man </i><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">is impossible to untangle
from the oppression that it inspired.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">**<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoCommentText"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Darwin’s scientific contributions in
Chapters 19 and 20 of <i>Descent of Man </i>look
like Victorian Age-appropriate explanations for sex differences in visible
traits in peoples across the globe—like, for how our naked, colorful skin
developed out of our ape ancestry. Because around the world, men tend to be
darker-skinned than women, Darwin proposed that variation in human skin color around
the world evolved due to sexual selection via local beauty standards. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoCommentText"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">But that people with deep ancestry in
the tropical regions of the planet have some of the most pigmented skin, is
best explained by natural selection, not sexual selection. This adaptation
likely materialized as our hominin ancestors lost a significant amount of their
protective fur covering. In its place, a melanin-rich epidermis shields the
body from the sun’s harmful UV rays, particularly at the Equator. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoCommentText"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">At high latitudes, natural selection is
also the dominant explanation for human skin color. Our bodies require UV
radiation to synthesize Vitamin D, so permitting some UV radiation into the
skin is beneficial. <i>Both</i> skin color extremes have strong adaptive
explanations. In between UV extremes, that clinal or spectral continuous
variation, from highly pigmented to depigmented skin, is maintained by gene
flow connecting the populations and by selection for intermediate UV levels in
between. [That last phrase in the previous is nonsense and I correct it on the fly in the video.] The evidence for this explanation for the evolution of skin color
variation around the world outweighs the evidence for Darwin’s hypothesis of
sexual selection via different beauty standards. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoCommentText" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">**<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">One of the strongest testaments to
Darwin’s influence is that the mere existence of sex differences is enough to assume
that sexual selection brought them about. Take, for example, sex differences in
human height, where in all populations, men are on average taller than women.</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Darwin drew inspiration from the size
and strength of male, or silverback, gorillas, and scientists in his wake have
helped to build the case, which is now canon, that sexual selection explains
sex differences in body size. Big males won greater mating opportunities by
physically dominating competitors and mates, and by females preferring to mate
with these big winners, <i>so the thinking goes.</i></span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">But sex differences in human height are
at least as much about the evolutionary importance of estrogen. Estrogen is a
major driver of long bone growth in all humans and it’s biphasic, so at even
higher levels, estrogen ends long bone growth with the fusion of the growth
plates. When estrogen peaks, teenage girls stop gaining stature. This estrogen
peak at puberty is fundamental to ovarian development and the initiation of
regular menstrual cycling. Boys, who are growing in step with girls until
puberty, stop gaining stature just a few years after girls do, because there is
nothing to stop them earlier; higher estrogen would be incompatible with male
reproductive development and function. Eventually young men have enough
estrogen in their more senescent skeletal system to also stop growing. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">There are no male or female genes for
height and there are no male or female bones; there is only common biology of
skeletal growth shared among humans, where similar processes significantly
controlled by estrogen play out differently in different bodies during
development. As of now, sex differences in the duration of long bone growth are
a byproduct of the way that the human reproductive system evolved to function,
thanks in large part to estrogen. Still, sexual selection for tall men </span><i style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">dominates</i><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">
the evolutionary story. It sure is a compelling one.</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt;">Perhaps
more than any other science, evolutionary science is a collection of stories,
or fictions, about facts. For example, FACT men are on average taller than
women FICTION because of their big winning male forebears. Fictions are
supposed to be difficult to establish as fact in science, and they’re far too
easy to establish as fact in the zeitgeist. If we are better aware of the
precarity of our fictions… if we improve the scientific explanations of visible
sex differences, like height, then that science will be less likely to inspire
unscientific beliefs about invisible, imagined sex differences. Fewer minds will
leap illogically from ‘men are taller’ to ‘<b><i><u>men</u></i></b> obviously evolved for
competition and dominance’ as if women did not.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt;">**<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Underneath <i>Descent of Man</i>’s ambitious
scientific contribution to human evolution lies much more than surface beauty.
This is Darwin begetting every caveman-inspired nugget of dating advice and
every appeal to innate gender roles at home, in the workplace, in science and
tech, and on Wallstreet. This is where Darwin first turned his concept of
sexual selection loose on humans, launching the evolutionary narrative that
dominates pop culture starring QUOTE “the strongest and boldest men… in
contests for wives”. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In <i>Descent
of Man, </i>Darwin parlayed visible anatomical differences between sexes—like
those in skin color and height—into the evolutionary logic behind why Man and
Wife perform differently, in matters of love, sex, parenting, cognitive feats, comedy,
and seemingly everything else, according to the contemporary world views he
continues to shape. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">But, pop culture has been slow to adopt
new knowledge that has complicated and overturned old facts. Much of the novel
insights on human evolution, including especially the evolution of human skin
color variation, these have come from women, despite persistent beliefs like
Darwin’s that, QUOTE “Man is more
courageous, pugnacious and energetic than woman, and has a more inventive
genius.” Darwin even concludes, as if by scientific logic, that, QUOTE “man has
ultimately become superior to woman.” For Darwin, women were wives but men were
so much more than husbands, this seeded his science of sex differences. From
his view of life, Darwin penned nature’s seal of approval.</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt;">Darwin
naturalized gender differences, made them biological, made them adaptive, made
them morally valuable. All of us suffer from bias, but powerful men seem to
share one particular form of bias when it comes to our species’ shared origin
story—fuhrers and ex-presidents… their oppressive human evolutionary narratives
sound a lot like Darwin’s, which directly inspired the exclusion of women from
higher education and from science. Today, t</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">here is an increasing understanding that beliefs in gender
essentialism, in natural rigid gender stereotypes of masculinity and femininity,
<u>like <b><i>boys</i></b> are active and dominant and <b><i>girls</i></b> are sexual and
maternal</u>, these beliefs are correlated to poor educational outcomes in boys
and girls and to sexual assaults by boys and men. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Getting
humanity’s origin story right matters a great deal to humanity.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">**<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The stories we tell about the facts of
evolution are in dire need of diversity. The way to get there is not merely to
be more correct or less biased than Darwin, it is not merely to be the best
version of ourselves, it is to be proactively bigger than any one person can
possibly be and… to be proactively bigger than even science can be. We do not need science to demonstrate that women
and people of color are <i><u>not</u></i> inferior… to demonstrate that we are
not less evolved, less brilliant and inventive, less deserving of opportunity, power,
influence, admiration, and freedom* than white men. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">While many scientists and scholars have
met Darwin’s bias and prejudice with science, science is not the only, or even
a necessary way to demonstrate humanity.
That is partially because science does not yet represent humanity. </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Science will continue to
write a better story of human origins and evolution, but if science were all it
takes, then we would have that better story by now. Science is not the sole or
even primary author of humanity’s shared origin story, humanity is.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Let’s
write a great story together. Let’s write one that’s worthy of the entire
species, a story that everyone can embrace.</span> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><br /></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><br /></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing">*I'm not positive but I think that my use of "freedom" inspired a discussion in the live chat about Darwin and his family being abolitionists. Yes, they were. But my use of freedom here refers to something other than the abolition of slavery. I'm referring to the freedom that more wealthy white men enjoy than anyone else. Who wants to live in a world where freedom is merely the absence of slavery!? Freedom is attained by the things I listed before it and so much more... </p>Holly Dunsworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05260104967932801186noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1812431336777691886.post-47177172576259464182021-01-26T13:14:00.012-05:002021-01-26T13:31:57.101-05:00This View of Wife/ Where is this year's Intro Human Evolution syllabus? Take my course online this summer!<p>Hi all!</p><p>First a book announcement...</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Jerry DeSilva's vision and hard work is now published, and it is great. It's called "<a href="https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691191140/a-most-interesting-problem" target="_blank">A Most Interesting Problem: What Darwin's <i>Descent of Man</i> got right and wrong about human evolution.</a>" </p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-bwU4l1wtrIY/YBAgzsTi-DI/AAAAAAAAFWA/eME7fvhq7kwQUc0fmYp1XYknb8bmIv5AQCLcBGAsYHQ/image.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="966" data-original-width="640" height="400" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-bwU4l1wtrIY/YBAgzsTi-DI/AAAAAAAAFWA/eME7fvhq7kwQUc0fmYp1XYknb8bmIv5AQCLcBGAsYHQ/w265-h400/image.png" width="265" /></a></div><br />Check out the <a href="https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691191140/a-most-interesting-problem" target="_blank">list of authors</a>! Check out t<a href="https://blogs.sciencemag.org/books/2021/01/18/a-most-interesting-problem/">his positive review by Erika Milam in Science.</a> <div><br /></div><div>Writing my chapter (9), "This View of Wife: A Reflection on Chapters 19 and 20 of <i>Descent of Man</i>" was the hardest writing I've ever done. I wrote probably five times what's there, much of which was sweaty, clenched CUSSING in all caps. I had to purge and wade through and sweat out all the rage to get to what's published. The theme of my chapter is listen to women. I hope you'll check out the book. All the chapters give a current and expert take on Darwin's and so reading this book really will bring you up to speed on human evolution and why it matters. Anne and Ken, I'm about to pop yours in the mail and it will soon be on your doorstep.<p></p><p class="MsoNormal">**</p><p class="MsoNormal">Today begins another semester of on-line college, for me, my colleagues and my students. I've got four different courses, all online. If the students can handle a load like that, then I hope I can too. I'll have to. It's my job to handle it. It's just so daunting. Oh well! Onward.</p><p class="MsoNormal">Here's some insight into undergraduate brains right now. I ask students in my intro course to draw what they'd draw on their cave wall. Guess what drawings are common? "Tiktok," “BLM,” surgical masks, syringes, coronavirus, soap and sanitizer pumpers, handwashing, aliens, and mobile phones.</p><p class="MsoNormal">Normally I'd be posting my latest syllabus for that text-book free intro biological anthropology course APG 201 HUMAN ORIGINS AND EVOLUTION, but, <a href="http://ecodevoevo.blogspot.com/2020/09/hi-all-its-tradition-for-me-to-postmy.html" target="_blank">like with the Fall 2020 course</a>, it's not so easy anymore. Because it's all on-line, I no longer have a long list of the readings (3-5 chaps in Roberts or online articles per week; with t<a href="https://pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu/explorationsbioanth/front-matter/explorations-an-open-invitation-to-biological-anthropology/" target="_blank">his non-required resource</a> always available) and the assignments (3-5 per week) and the videos I have them watch in one file that I can just paste here. They're all posted/pasted into separate course modules on my course site where students "take" the class and watch my lectures. It's so much prettier and more user-friendly the way it is now, and will be when we're back to in-person classes too, but it's not at all easy to export and share. So I'm not. I've pasted the text of my syllabus below.</p><p class="MsoNormal">I’ve been posting about how I teach Intro BioAnth/Human Origins and Evolution here on our blog for many years and, thanks to your feedback, I know that it’s useful. It’s so useful that people want more than what I post here. They want my handouts and my lecture slides. That’s not going to happen. Sorry! But just getting the stuff that I've spent years and years writing doesn’t come automatically with pedagogy. But one way you can experience/see my pedagogy *and* get all my materials (handouts, slides, etc) is to take my course. </p><p class="MsoNormal">That, perhaps, strange idea occurred to me now that it's possible to suggest it, thanks to having to put my course online due to the pandemic. No way are all my recorded lectures humdingers. So what. It still gets the point, the strategy, etc across. And it does it so well. I could share with you my overwhelmingly enthusiastic student feedback and their marvelous Books of Origins, but that would be outrageous. Sure, they love it because they’re graded mostly for completion rather than accuracy and so there are more As in my course than I’m sure there are in many other intro human evolution courses around the world. But, so what? <b>This is our species' shared origin story; ramming it home with high-stakes exams does not make any sense to me, not at the intro level.</b> <b>All humans share this one story and so all humans deserve to learn about it by making meaning out of it.</b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: inherit;">I welcome colleagues (and all students, of course) to take my course, APG 201 Human Origins and Evolution, this summer. It's fully on-line and asynchronous and you can take it from anywhere! <span style="color: #0f1419;">It would cost up to $1332 of professional
development funds, if those things are, perhaps, available to you. I will also happily be available as a colleague, off to the side, as well. I'd love it. Here's the information about summer courses at The University of Rhode Island. APG 201 is not yet posted. </span><span style="color: #0f1419;"><span><a href="https://web.uri.edu/summer/">https://web.uri.edu/summer/</a> </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #0f1419;"><span style="font-size: 15.3333px;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #0f1419;"><span style="font-size: 15.3333px;">Here's my syllabus without readings/viewings and assignments (except the weekly group post) because, like I said above, they're all on-line in my course site now and I don't have them in a file to easily paste into here. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><div class="WordSection1"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><em><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Spring 2021 – Fully on-line and asynchronous</span></b></em><em><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-style: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></em></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><em><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-style: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Will be
largely the same for Summer 1 and 2, 2021<o:p></o:p></span></b></em></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><em><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-style: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></b></em></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><em><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 18pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">A</span></b></em><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 18pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">PG 201
(3 credits)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 18pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Human
Origins and Evolution<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Professor
Holly Dunsworth<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></b></p>
</div><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Segoe UI",sans-serif" style="color: #0f1419; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 107%;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; text-transform: uppercase;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>
</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; text-transform: uppercase;">Course description<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">The biocultural evolution of humans. An
investigation into humankind’s place in nature, including a review of the
living primates, human genetics and development, evolutionary theory, and the
human fossil record.<b> </b>Fulfills both the General Education outcomes<b> A1 </b>(STEM
knowledge) and <b>C3</b> (Diversity and Inclusion) <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">This is a course about how you evolved. This is your
origin story (at least, one of them). To write it, we will learn from
biological and evolutionary anthropologists who study human and nonhuman
primate biology, behavior, diversity, adaptation and evolution in order to
better understand the human species and explain how we arrived at our current
condition: Incessantly chattering, naked, culturally dependent, big-brained,
bipedal creatures who are diverse in appearance and culture and inhabit nearly
all types of habitats on Earth. Along our journey we will ask ourselves how we
know what we know. We will also address, head-on why so much of this material
is culturally controversial. The science of human evolution and its
dissemination into the popular imagination has a long history of racism and
sexism. In this course we will address that history and the stigma it attached
to human origins by identifying bad evolutionary thinking, misconceptions, and
the many horrible misapplications of that thinking. A long tradition of making <i>Homo sapiens </i>the hero of human origins
and evolution, rather than each of us, all of us, is one major cause of this
problem, which is why you, not the species, is the hero of the origin story we
tell in this course. Here, we take back our species’ shared origins story and
make it one that’s fit for all humankind. When that happens, <i>then </i>the species will be the hero.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; text-transform: uppercase;">Required materials</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">The Incredible Unlikeliness of Being </span></i><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">by Alice Roberts –If you buy a physical copy, there are multiple cover
designs, don’t worry about the different cover designs because it’s all the
same book. It should be available through the URI bookstore. </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Incredible-Unlikeliness-Being-Evolution-Making/dp/1623657989/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr="><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">https://www.amazon.com/Incredible-Unlikeliness-Being-Evolution-Making/dp/1623657989/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr=</span></a><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"> </span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Moleskine Classic Collection, hardcover notebook, Ruled (or
Unruled, your choice) 5 x 8 1/4 inch (this size is required) and must have at
least 96 pages (240 pages is easiest to purchase), any color<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Moleskine-Classic-Cover-Notebook-Ruled/dp/8883701127"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">https://www.amazon.com/Moleskine-Classic-Cover-Notebook-Ruled/dp/8883701127</span></a><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Segoe UI",sans-serif" style="color: #0f1419; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 107%;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>
</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">APG 201
Learning Outcomes<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Anthropology (B.A.) program
learning outcome (LO): </span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Describe the historical development of anthropology and be
able to characterize how each subfield contributes to the unified discipline.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">APG 201 LO #1:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> Identify human origins and
evolution as an anthropological endeavor (the integration of STEM, social
sciences, and humanities; and always within a cultural-historical context).
(also LO for A1)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Anthropology (B.A.) program
LO: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Explain
biological and biocultural evolution, describe the evidence for human origins
and evolution, and evaluate both scientific debates and cultural controversies
over genetic determinism, biological race, and evolution.<b> <o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">APG 201 LO #2</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">: Recognize scientific
debates about how present, physical evidence is interpreted to support or refute
hypotheses for particular events in, or aspects of, human evolution. (also LO
for A1)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Anthropology (B.A.) program
LO: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Compare
past and present cultures, including ecological adaptations, social
organization, and belief systems, using a holistic, cross-cultural,
relativistic, and scientific approach.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">APG 201 LO #3:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> Recognize and explain how
scientists look to nonhuman species, contemporary human biology, and the fossil
and archaeological records to reconstruct the origins and evolution of
present-day biological variation, and the development of upright locomotion,
language and speech, material cultures, and forms of social organization. (also
LO for A1)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Anthropology (B.A.) program
LO: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Explain
quantitative and qualitative methods in the analysis of anthropological data
and critically evaluate the logic of anthropological research.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">APG 201 LO #4:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> Summarize the sociocultural
controversies associated with human evolution, rooted in historical tradition,
bias, and prejudice, or rooted in misinformation based on outdated or incorrect
claims from scientists. (also LO for A1 & C3)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Anthropology (B.A.) program
LO: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Apply
anthropological research to contemporary environmental, social, or health
issues worldwide.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">APG 201 LO #5:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> Differentiate between the
variation caused by human evolution and the inequity caused by biased and
incorrect beliefs about human evolution. Based on that distinction, students
will evaluate and critique evolution-based claims for the biological reality of
“race” and “gender.” From there, students will explain and argue for the
sociocultural construction of “race” and “gender." (also LO for A1
&C3)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">APG 201 LO #6:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> (specific to C3)<b> </b>Apply knowledge of effective problem
solving or conflict resolution skills related to diversity and inclusion in
order to respond to real-life situations. Choose and use appropriate
communication styles to engage in difficult dialogues related to diversity and
inclusion.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; text-transform: uppercase;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; text-transform: uppercase;">Grade Scale: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">A = 93.5 – 110%; A- = 89.5 – 93.4%; B+ =
87.5 – 89.4%; B = 83.5 – 87.4%; B- = 79.5 – 83.4%; C+ = 77.5 – 79.4%; C = 73.5
– 77.4%; C- = 69.5 – 73.4%; D+ = 67.5 – 69.4%; D = 59.5 – 67.4%; F = below
59.5%<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></u></b></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">ASSESSMENT<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Group work online 15%<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Quiz 1 10%<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Quiz 2 10%<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Quiz 3 15%<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><u><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Book of Origins
50%<o:p></o:p></span></u></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Total 100
(or 110% with extra credit)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></u></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Group work online (15%)<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">We
all share a course Google Doc, where each of you will contribute to one prompt
for each module. Professor Dunsworth will provide feedback there, as well. All
points are earned for answering the prompt. Because this is a practice space,
errors (unless enormous and way out of bounds) will not cause you to lose the
point for completing the response. If
you complete all 14 assignment on the google doc, then you get a bonus point
for excellence and earn 15/15.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></u></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Quizzes 1, 2, and 3 (10 + 10
+ 15 = 35%)<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">For all three quizzes, students are free to consult course resources
and each other (as long as it’s reciprocal and not parasitic, okay? But if any
written answers are similar, that is plagiarism and all hell breaks loose.) This
is the only aspect of the course where complete accuracy is required. Quizzes
will consist of multiple-choice, short answer, and essay. All students will be
notified when each quiz becomes available on Brightspace, at least one day
ahead of the due date.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></u></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Book
of Origins (50%) – <i><span style="color: red;">QUESTIONS? Prof Dunsworth is here
to help! Just contact her!<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></u></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">These instructions are long
and detailed to maximize excellence. I have been doing this for years and years
and believe me, I have seen it all. The only thing that you can do to lose
points is to submit incomplete or incoherent work; the vast majority of these
instructions are guidelines that you should follow if at all possible, but that
will not cost you points. I hope to maximize excellence, and so without further
ado…<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">This semester-long project takes
place in your moleskine and it is for you, not for Professor Dunsworth.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Your
Book of Origins is your creation<b> </b>and the content includes your
assignments and any additional information from the course or related to the
course that you find to be meaningful during this semester and that you’d like
to record in it.<b> </b>You will write this Book of Origins over the course of
the semester and submit it, digitally, at the end for a grade. But again, y<b>ou are writing this for
yourself,</b> not for Professor Dunsworth.<b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Your
Book of Origins</span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> is</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> <b><u>not</u>
your course notebook</b>. While you are encouraged to include meaningful things
from the notes you take on lectures, etc and from handouts and other course
materials, there are simply not enough pages for your Book of Origins to be
your course notebook too. You will need a separate notebook for jotting down
notes and for organizing whatever you might print out. <b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Grading
is based mostly on whether you completed the assignments thoughtfully and
professionally, not whether you completed them entirely correctly. In other
words, you earn full credit for each assignment by putting forth the effort to
complete it—as long as it’s a solid effort, earnestly attempts to answer the
questions that are asked, and </span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">fills at least one side of
one page</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">! I grade
this way because these assignments are often struggles that I’m asking you to
face on your own ahead of addressing these topics in the course. Errors in the assignments are therefore
tolerated but egregious inaccuracies are not (e.g. irrelevant or nonsensical
material). Your book’s overall grade will be based on completion of
assignments, effort, clarity/legibility, organization, and integration into the
moleskine as a cohesive book (in which you are encouraged to curate materials
beyond what is assigned, like highlights or quotes from the videos you watched
in the course, etc). The overall grade takes into consideration how thoughtful
you are in creating your book. Though, <b>if assignments are all clearly
complete, then that is enough to earn 100% for the Book of Origins.</b> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Clearly write your name and contact information inside the
front cover.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">If possible, write or affix the title of your book on the
binding, like books do.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">If
you wish, write or affix a cover on the front.<b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Leave
the first four pages blank. This is where you will affix the </span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Table of Contents (TOC).</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> The TOC is a
file in START HERE that you must either print and affix inside your book or (if
you don’t have a printer) fill out and email to me. Knowing both what you did
and what you didn’t complete is crucial to the assessment process at the end of
the semester, which is why I need you to fill out the Table of Contents that I
created and posted in the Start Here module on BS, and, even better, print and
affix inside (but I don’t even have a printer at home so I don’t assume or
require anyone else to.) You can do this at the very end of the course just
before you turn in the book for a grade. <b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Number
your pages as you go, front and back, like books do.<b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></i><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Start every assignment on a
new page. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">(Do not start any assignments on pages where there
is already an assignment.)<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></i><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">If your ink is bleeding
through the paper, then simply do not write on both sides of the page.</span></b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Either leave the backs of pages blank (you have plenty of space to do
that) or use another writing/drawing implement that does not bleed through.
Bleeding is fine! Just not when students use those pages. </span><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">If
you wish, <b>work only on the front page of each page</b>; leave the backs of
the pages blank (but still number them). There is plenty of room for this. This
makes the book neater and clearer (especially when ink bleeds through), but it
also leaves blank space for you to return to old work, at any time in the
semester, and add comments or updates.<b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">9.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Number
your assignments with the numbers that are attached to them in Brightspace
(e.g. 1.1, 1.2, …) so that you can eventually make a table of contents.
Assignments are choreographed readings and activities, timed to maximize your
engagement with the rest of the course material and your mastery of it. Some
will ask you to respond to a reading with words or drawings. Others will
involve watching films or performing interactive activities on-line. Still
others guide you to perform specific exercises in preparation for learning more
in the course. If at all possible, like, unless something dreadful is happening
to you</span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">, do the assignments in the order I have
provided, chronologically.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> You do not want to be skipping to
the end of each module and writing the last assignment if you have not prepared
by doing all the prior assignments for that module yet. That’s just not good
scholarship. But if you must do any assignments out of order, then they may be
out of order in the book. If they are, no problem: The Table of Contents will
sort that out. <b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">10.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">If
the assignment asks you to write something, you must write in your own words.
If you want to include quotes in your Book of Origins, please do, but <b>your
assignment</b> <b>must be more <u>your</u> words</b> <b>than quotes</b> of
others’. If there are tons of quotes
that you want to record, go ahead, this is your book and that is highly
encouraged, but they won’t count as an assignment. <b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">11.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">You
need to <b>fill at least one side of one page, minimum, for each assignment</b>
to get full credit for its completion. Write in sentences strung together in
prose. </span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Bullet-pointed notes do not count as a
completed writing assignment.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> You may include those<u> </u>kinds
of notes in addition to your assignments (and you are encouraged if you value
them, understandably), but that is not the method you may use to complete an
assignment. This is writing! Write! If you choose to draw to complete an
assignment, you still need to write even just a complete sentence to explain
what it is that you drew and why. <b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">12.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">If
your handwriting is illegible, or if you just prefer to type, </span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">you can type up your assignments, print them, cut them out,
and paste them into your book.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> You can used mixed methods too,
typing some and handwriting others, or parts of others. You can also draw on
other paper, cut it out, and paste it onto the moleskine page. No matter how
you do it, you need to fill one page, minimum to complete the assignment.<b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">13.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">If you choose to draw more
than write,</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> you still need to convey the significance of the
drawing by writing, even a sentence.<u> </u>You cannot simply draw some
genitalia, for example, and then move on to the next assignment. Those
genitalia need an explanation! What are those genitalia doing there on that
page of your Book of Origins? </span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Make everything you enter
into your moleskine part of your Book of Origins by giving it context for the
reader</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> (who is future you, and anyone you may share it
with). Which brings me to this VERY
IMPORTANT point:<b> <i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">14.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Each
assignment must be <b>comprehensible to a total stranger</b> who isn’t part of
this course and who has no idea what has been assigned. This is a book, after
all, not merely a compendium of homework. Help your future self (who may feel
like a total stranger) out by </span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">writing and including <u>context</u>
for your work on each page</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. For some of you this will mean transcribing
the assignment/prompt into your books while for others it may mean you simply
write a bit of an introduction, even just a sentence, to orient the reader. Sometimes
a great short title scrawled on the page is all you need to do the trick.<u> </u><b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">15.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">If you have not read/viewed
the assigned material, then do not write or draw anything for an assignment</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. That is a waste of time and
is dishonest to yourself to boot. Books
that are created without doing the work of learning are obvious and will earn
zero points, total, even if just one assignment is faked like that.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">16.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">When
you’re all done, fill out the TOC and affix it inside the front pages of the
book or fill it out digitally and submit it separately. <b><u><o:p></o:p></u></b></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">17.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Your
Book of Origins (</span><b><i><u><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">complete with completed TOC</span></u></i></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">) is
</span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">due by Tuesday April 30, 11:59 pm. </span></b><u><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">18.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Submission … how? </span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">In normal semesters, students
submit their actual physical books to but because of the pandemic, you must
take pictures of each page and create one google doc or slideshow to “share”
(via google apps) your book with me. Do not send me a folder with a bunch of
photo files that I have to click through separately. Share one file that contains
all the images, in chronological order. On any day except the due date, I’m
happy to help you do this if you just ask </span><span face=""Segoe UI Emoji",sans-serif" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">😊</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">.</span><u><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Extra
credit (up to 10%) – Accepted any time up to April 30, 11:59 pm.</span></u></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Living humans are not models of our ancient
ancestors. However, there are ways that people move their bodies around the
world that probably do better approximate some of our ancestors’ behaviors
compared to ours. When it comes to moving around in a day, people like the
Hadza of Tanzania, who forage for their food, range further on their feet than
people who visit grocery stores. Hadza adults typically travel 6 miles/day,
minimum, many go much farther. Since this course is about our evolution from
foraging ancestors but also our evolution into upright walking and running
apes, one way to earn extra credit is to go the distance, on your feet. If you <b>walk,
run, or combine the two for at least 3 miles a day, on average, over the course
of 7 consecutive days (or if you do the equivalent, which is to travel a total
of at least 21 miles or 52,000 steps over a week)</b>, then you earn 5% points
extra credit added to your total course grade.
There are myriad ways to demonstrate your accomplishment of this feat to
Prof. Dunsworth, by zooming and showing your phone or other device, by
screenshotting your app, by showing Prof. Dunsworth a measured digital or paper
map of your travels. (However you demonstrate your success, I will believe
you.) If you complete that “half Hadza way” challenge, then you unlock the
opportunity to attempt the “whole Hadza way” challenge for an additional 5%,
which is doubling it—<b>traveling at least 6 miles/day on foot for 7
consecutive days, or a total of 42 miles (or 104,000 steps) over a week.</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">For students who do not opt to do the physical extra
credit challenge, there is a scholarly one. It’s called <b>“Thanks, Evolution!”</b>
and the details are posted separately on Brightspace. Students who take on this
challenge write an evolutionary origin story for something that they like about
life on Earth (cheese, dogs, laughter, etc…). It’s a short research paper and
earns 10% if done excellently, less if not, but most points are for completion.
</span><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Students may only do the walk/run option or the
research paper option, not both. </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">Weekly/module schedule</span></b></p><div align="center">
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 10pt;">1 In the beginning: Anthropology, Science<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 10pt;">2 You are a primate: Primate characteristics and diversity<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
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<tr style="height: 27.4pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 27.4pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 200.05pt;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 10pt;">3 Are you an ape?: Evolution, tree-thinking<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 30.55pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 30.55pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 200.05pt;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 10pt;">4 You have strange ancestors: Speciation, Fossils<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 41.8pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 41.8pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 200.05pt;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 10pt;">5 The unbroken thread + sex + gestation made the fetal version
of you: Origins of sex, eggs and sperm, DNA, genes<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 32.35pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 32.35pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 200.05pt;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 10pt;">6 You evolved (Mutation, Hox genes, Gene flow, Natural
Selection, Genetic Drift)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 43.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 43.6pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 200.05pt;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 10pt;">7 Evolution is science and stories: The LCA, Skin Color
Variation, Malaria Resistance, Building Evolutionary Scenarios<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 29.65pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 29.65pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 200.05pt;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 10pt;">8 When you were very young: Birth, Milk, Walking <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 41.35pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 41.35pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 200.05pt;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 10pt;">9 Your big hot hungry brain: Tools, technology, running,
throwing, evolution of meat-eating<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 41.35pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 41.35pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 200.05pt;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 10pt;">10 You reason, abstractly, therefore you are. Language helps:
Talking, Socializing, Art, Imagination, Extreme Cooperation<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 27.4pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 27.4pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 200.05pt;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 10pt;">11 What are you? What is a human? Human origins, dispersal, and impact<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 25.15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 200.05pt;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 10pt;">12 They baked racism and sexism into our shared origins story:
Let’s take it out<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 24pt; mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 24pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 200.05pt;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 10pt;">13 Rewriting our shared origins story so it's fit for all
humankind<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 48pt; mso-yfti-irow: 13; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 48pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 200.05pt;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 10pt;">14 You are a wise, reflective creature who is always evolving.
And you are a storytelling ape: Looking back and ahead (Triumph)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">APG 201 Human Origins and Evolution</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Group Google Doc </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><i><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">At the end of each
module on Brightspace, you’re directed to come here and answer a prompt. Posts
are due by the end of the day Friday each week, but I will not grade until at
least the following Monday, so you have the weekend to post if you didn’t make
the suggested deadline on Friday.</span></i><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Instructions</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Before you post here</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p><ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Do the work in the week’s module, first. Those videos
and assignments are choreographed to lead you here so that you can be
informed by the time you engage with your classmates. If your post does
not address the prompt or betrays ignorance of the module’s content, then
it gets no credit. If you post after I grade that module (which is
signaled by my comments on the posts that are there), then your post gets
no credit. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Write and post your response to the prompt for the
module before reading anyone else’s. That’s the best way to maximize your
own thinking. You wouldn’t show up to soccer practice and just sit there
because your teammate got there first and is already doing the drills.
Write as briefly as you’d like in response to the questions. Brief can
still be excellent. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Read through the previous posts from the previous
module and my comments on them.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">As you post here...</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p><ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Label your response to the prompt with your first and
last name, please. Just type away under the prompt or under a classmate’s
post. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">You are welcome to respond to your classmate’s posts
using the comment tool that shows up in the margin. Please feel free to do
this but it is not required.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Do not “resolve” (do not click the blue check on) any
of my comments because that erases them. This will be hard to abide for
people who are embarrassed by my feedback (it’s my experience that
critiques get “resolved” by students more than praise does). But because my
comments are for everyone’s learning, not just yours, you must leave
them. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Make sure to enter your response to the prompt into
your Book of Origins as that module’s last assignment. Fill the page with
writing and/or drawing, just like all other assignments. Do this
immediately because throughout the semester, I remove old modules’
material to stop the document from growing too long. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Module 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Getting to know your
classmates and your inner anthropologist<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">If you had
to choose one observation from assignment 1.2 to study (try to explain) in real
life, which would it be and why? Before you took this class, what did you know
about anthropology and how did you know it? Do you expect any of that to change
as a result of this class? If so, hypothesize/predict in an explanatory way (or
explain in a predictive way) what those changes might be or why they may occur.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Module 2 <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The best ape<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Which
nonhuman ape is the best ape? Make a case for one ape being the best ape. Offer
a plausible explanation (hypothesis) for why your professor asked you this
question. Do you agree or disagree with your classmates about which is the best
ape? Why or why not?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b> </b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 9.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 9.0pt; margin: 9pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Module 3 <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Are humans apes? <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Every group
member must provide an answer on the side of no we are not apes, and also an
answer on the side of yes we are apes. While doing so, each of you must reveal
whether you side with yes, no, or neither, and explain why that is.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Here
are some entertaining resources that may help you form both your yes and no
answers: <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0in 12pt 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">●<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The side of no, we aren't:<br />
</span></b><a href="https://popanth.com/article/are-we-apes-no-we-are-humans"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Are we apes? No, we are
humans</span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0in 12pt 0.5in;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fLfdKk9JEp8"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">You Are Not an Ape!</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> Jon Marks at TEDxEast (17 mins)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">●<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The side of yes, we are apes:<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--></span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 12pt 1in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">○<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="https://whyevolutionistrue.com/2015/11/02/wrongheaded-anthropologist-claims-that-humans-arent-apes/"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Wrongheaded
anthropologist claims that humans aren’t apes</span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Module 4 <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Clearing up confusion
about our ancestry<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Don’t forget to start by
writing your answer in your Book of Origins and then come here to the Google
doc and post it. That is a lot richer of an experience because you're working
it out first before seeing what others wrote. It is the best way to do every
group google doc response.<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Choose
either A or B (both are not required, just one of them). Calmly and kindly
respond to a hypothetical, but agitated friend or a family member who says, (A)
“I didn’t evolve from a monkey!” or (B) “If we evolved from apes, then why are
there still apes?”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Module 5<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Day off!<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Type your
name and leave the briefest or longest comment about anything you'd like. Say
hi, sell an old guitar, share your favorite meme, or just say hi. Merely
leaving evidence of your presence will earn you all the credit today. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Module 6<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">You evolved...<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">What is
something important, key, surprising, new, or meaningful that you learned this
week in APG 201 and why did you choose it? <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Module 7<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Imagining the Future
Loss of Wisdom Teeth: Evolutionary Scenario Building<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Instructions
for this week’s prompt: (1) Read this long preamble from Prof. Dunsworth, (2)
read the short blurb from a news article, then (3) answer questions A, B, and
C.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Remember…<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">• Most
of us were taught incorrectly or led, wrongly, to believe that ‘evolution’ =
‘natural selection’ which implies that all evolution occurs through natural
selection. This leads us to see every evolutionary scenario, all the way from
fairy tale ones to the most scientifically legitimate ones, as natural
selection. This is, of course, not a correct understanding of evolution.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">•
Natural selection can result in new adaptations or in the elimination of bad
traits. The former is “positive” selection, the latter is “negative” and is
always occurring no matter what. Positive selection does happen but is not easy
to test, since natural selection occurs via differential reproductive success,
but “survival of the luckiest” alleles via genetic drift can look exactly the
same by increasing and decreasing allele frequencies just by chance. The
difference between the two is that, in a selection scenario, the trait that’s
evolving is causing the differential reproduction (whether enhancing or
inhibiting, even if ever so slightly affecting it slowly over time), but in a
genetic drift scenario the trait is randomly “drifting” (like on the surface of
the ocean) to lower or higher frequencies merely due to chance (unlinked to the
trait in question) effects on differential reproduction and chance passing of
one allele or the other to offspring. Like selection, drift can completely fix or
completely eliminate traits. Genetic drift is always occurring, and so is
negative selection to some degree (filtering out mutations that prevent
survival and reproduction) and positive selection to some degree (increasing
the prevalence of mutations, new or old, that enhance survival and
reproduction).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Read this blurb, pasted below or via
the link, about a very common perception of human evolution:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0in;"><a href="http://www.thestar.com/life/health_wellness/diseases_cures/2013/06/25/wisdom_teeth_might_be_lost_as_people_continue_to_evolve.html"><b><span style="color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Wisdom teeth might be lost as people continue to evolve</span></b></a><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">: Why the modern diet may make wisdom teeth unnecessary About 25 to 35
per cent of people will never get their wisdom teeth<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0in; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">By: Astrid Lange Toronto Star Library, Published on Tue Jun
25 2013<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0in 12pt 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"Wisdom
teeth are the third and final set of molars that most people get in their late
teens or early 20s. But not everyone does — the American Dental Association
estimates that about 25 to 35 per cent of people will never get their wisdom
teeth. Another 30 per cent will only get 1 to 3 of them. Anthropologists
believe wisdom teeth evolved due to our ancestors’ diet of coarse, rough food —
leaves, roots, nuts and meat — which required more chewing power and resulted
in excessive wear of the teeth. Since people are no longer ripping apart meat
with their teeth and the modern diet is made of softer foods, wisdom teeth have
become less useful. In fact, some experts believe we are on an evolutionary
track to losing them altogether.”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Now, each person responds to A, B,
and C… Post your responses all together, not separated under each letter. That
is, go beneath C, or beneath the person who posted already, and post your ABC.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A.
Briefly explain the evolutionary mechanism behind the evolutionary scenario for
future wisdom tooth loss that the author of the news article above alludes to.
In other words, think about what the writer is really hypothesizing for future
human evolution and rephrase their explanation, but scientifically, in terms of
all or just some of the four main mechanisms of evolution that we discussed in
class which are mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, and selection. Important!
Banned words for your scenario include: Need(s/ed/ing), want(s/ed/ing),
try(s/ed/ing), best, most and fittest.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">B.
Write out an alternative scenario where selection is responsible for the loss
of wisdom teeth in our future selves. If it’s not obvious, this will be a
significantly different scenario from what the writer has imagined in the news
article and from what you wrote in response to ‘a.’ Important! Banned words for
your scenario include: Need(s/ed/ing), want(s/ed/ing), try(s/ed/ing), best,
most, and fittest.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">C.
Having 0-3 (instead of all 4) wisdom teeth develop is a fairly common phenotype
out there just like the previous article/link said, and it probably includes
people in APG 201.There’s a story out there in science and in pop culture that,
because we evolved to have smaller jaws in the last six million years of
hominin evolution, natural selection is currently favoring people who don’t
form wisdom teeth at all. That is, people think that there are people who don’t
develop all four wisdom teeth because it’s adaptive not to, because our jaws
are so small and it’s a health risk to fit all those teeth in a small jaw. They
explain this pattern of human variation with natural selection (the way we
legitimately do with skin pigmentation variation) and it helps justify third
molar extraction. NOW…. (1) knowing that there’s all kinds of dental variation
in humans, deviating from what’s typical, in terms of which teeth they do or do
not develop and that’s also true for apes who have large, roomy jaws, and live
in the wild, and (2) knowing the mind-blowing information in this brief article
that you’ll at least skim now “The Prophylactic Extraction of Third Molars: A
Public Health Hazard” (</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1963310/"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1963310/</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> ).... <b>WHAT’S YOUR TAKE on that just-so story about humans who naturally don’t
develop wisdom teeth? As far as evolutionary scenarios go, is it good, bad,
neutral, or otherwise? And, does it justify us getting our wisdom teeth
routinely, prophylactically removed?<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Module 8<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">When You Were Very
Young <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">What is something important, key, surprising, new, or
meaningful that you learned in this module in APG 201 and why did you choose
it? <o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Module 9<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Day off!<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Type your
name and leave the briefest or longest comment about anything you'd like. Say
hi, sell an old guitar, share your favorite meme, or just say hi. Merely
leaving evidence of your presence will earn you all the credit today. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Module 10<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">You reason abstractly,
therefore you are human. Language helps.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In addition
to, or beyond, what you already wrote to yourself for 10.1, 10.2, and 10.3,
what is something important, key, surprising, new, or meaningful that you
learned this module in APG 201 and why did you choose it? <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Module 11<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">What are you? What is a
human?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In addition
to, or beyond, what you already wrote to yourself for this module's assignments
in your Book of Origins, what is something important, key, surprising, new, or
meaningful that you learned this module in APG 201 and why did you choose it?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Module 12<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">They baked racism… into
our species’ shared origin story<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Choose A or
B and respond.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A.</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> Ancestry is not race is not human biological
variation. Distinguish all three of those phenomena in humans (ancestry, race,
and human biological variation) from one another. (For "race" you
must stick to humans. Whatever people call a "race" in other
organisms is not race in humans.) And, feel free to add "population"
to make a fourth concept/term, if you carried that from Prof. Fuentes' lecture.
Why is it important, or why does it matter, that we make these distinctions? <b>You must cite at least one resource (below)
in your answer. </b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">or<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">B.</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> Science has a racist past (and present) and race is a
sociocultural/political construction. Use either or both of those frameworks,
or the course material in general, to support the fact that there is no “race”
without racism. <b>You must cite at least
one resource (below) in your answer. </b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0in;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Resources (must cite at least one):<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">●<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Chapter 15: Ten Facts about human
variation – Marks (Human Evolutionary Biology)</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><a href="https://webpages.uncc.edu/~jmarks/pubs/tenfacts.pdf"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">https://webpages.uncc.edu/~jmarks/pubs/tenfacts.pdf</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> (copy and paste that URL into your
browser because just clicking on it may not work)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">●<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">There’s No Scientific Basis for
Race—It's a Made-Up Label: It's been used to define and separate people for
millennia. But the concept of race is not grounded in genetics—Kolbert (NatGeo)</span><a href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2018/04/race-genetics-science-africa/"><span color="windowtext" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-decoration-line: none;"> </span></a><a href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2018/04/race-genetics-science-africa/"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2018/04/race-genetics-science-africa/</span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">●<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-highlight: white;">Human Races are not like dog breeds - Norton et al. (EEO) </span><b><span style="background: white; color: #cf2a27; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-highlight: white;">SEE GLOSSARY OF TERMS
AT THE VERY BOTTOM/END of the article<br />
</span></b><a href="https://evolution-outreach.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12052-019-0109-y"><span style="background: white; color: #888888; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-highlight: white;">https://evolution-outreach.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12052-019-0109-y</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Module 13<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Re-writing our species’
shared origin story to make it fit for all humankind<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Choose one (or do both if you can't resist, but only one is
required):<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">1. Ripping human evolution out of the
patriarchal playbook<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Consult your memory, your friends, family, or the Internet
(or all) to find an example associating evolution with sexism (like it's
associated with racism). [Remember, regardless of what your sources say, sex
differences alone are not sexist (just like skin color variation is not
racist); it's the biased interpretation of biological variation (sometimes by
inventing some differences out of thin air) and the narration of its
evolutionary history, that we're talking about here.] Offer an explanation for
this common association of human evolution and sexism and also offer a
suggestion for removing this association from our species' shared origin story.
<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">2. Woman the Hunter<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Read these articles (right click to open in new tab or
window), which discuss the same recent scientific study. What is the finding of
the study and how did they do it? What scientific and popular assumptions does
this new study challenge? Feel free to share other relevant thoughts.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">●<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/11/woman-hunter-ancient-andean-remains-challenge-old-ideas-who-speared-big-game"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/11/woman-hunter-ancient-andean-remains-challenge-old-ideas-who-speared-big-game</span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">●<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="https://theconversation.com/did-prehistoric-women-hunt-new-research-suggests-so-149477"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">https://theconversation.com/did-prehistoric-women-hunt-new-research-suggests-so-149477</span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Module 14<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Triumph<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">What about
this stage in our course or in the course material is triumphant? What is your
triumph this semester and this year? What, if anything, about your triumph is
thanks, in part, to your evolutionary history? What triumphs lie in your
future? <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">
</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Segoe UI",sans-serif" style="color: #0f1419; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div>Holly Dunsworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05260104967932801186noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1812431336777691886.post-59319836783647776032020-12-22T15:18:00.004-05:002020-12-22T15:18:48.703-05:00Free will? What could that phrase even mean in a causal universe?<p> <span style="font-size: medium;">T</span>here has been endless discussion, academic and otherwise, about the existence or even the <i>meaning</i> of 'free will.' Does the concept even make sense? What real evidence, even conceptual evidence, could there be that someone's 'will' is 'free'? That is, how could one even define it?</p><p>To try to illustrate this, is there any decision-to-act that one can make that has <i>no </i>relationship to experience? Even if I think of something in bed in the dark of night, did it have no empirical triggers or origins? If I reach for a fork to eat my dinner, what aspect of that is actually 'free'? One might say that I could, instead use my fingers or a spoon, but would that choice have no causes at all? If the act is just due to some brain-based whim, didn't that itself have some sort of cause?</p><p>If the answers to these sorts of questions essentially acknowledge that, of course, no will is entirely 'free' of any circumstantial or context-specific biological or cellular forces or factors, then the answer erases the question. We have to re-think what we mean and ask a more cogent question.</p><p>Even if I dream of getting an ice cream downtown, that whole scenario is based on experience. Even if I dream of doing that in some 'imaginary' downtown, the latter has to be based on experience. Indeed, even science fiction or novels build on such from-real imagery.</p><p>So if no action is 100% 'free', does the question of free will mean anything, as it obviously seems to? Is it just empty grist for philosophers' mill? What distinction between some sort of clear external coercion and some minimal or generic rather than specific conditions could there be or could we identify to give meaning to the term 'free' in this context?</p><p>The question of 'free will' has for centuries seemed to make a lot of sense. Often it arises in philosophy or theological discussions. But maybe it never has made sense. Maybe we cannot even <i>define </i>what 'free' would mean! If that's the case, then perhaps something like the previous paragraph could help us better at least to define the phenomenon we want to know about.</p><p>Ah....but then <i>why </i>did we decide we wanted to know about that in the first place?</p><p>In this context, 'free' is a rather existential or even non-definable concept, a notion that we may each have in our own unique way, that isn't even really possible to define. If so, is it even a 'philosophical' question?</p><p>And yet.....it seems to make sense as a real question!</p>Ken Weisshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02049713123559138421noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1812431336777691886.post-24442610458845849342020-12-19T13:59:00.001-05:002020-12-19T13:59:51.483-05:00Some season's greetings....<p> <b>My Perennial Powdery Passion</b></p><div style="text-align: left;">O! How I wish for season's melting<br />"Season's greetings"?--Balderdash!</div><div style="text-align: left;">Upon the roof, I hear ice pelting</div><div style="text-align: left;">As our hot furnace burns up cash!</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">A Christmas white may edify</div><div style="text-align: left;">Those few who freezing pleases</div><div style="text-align: left;">But me? The temp I'd modify</div><div style="text-align: left;">I pray this season <i>eases</i>!</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">The greeting cards regale the snow</div><div style="text-align: left;">With glad "White Christmas!" greetings</div><div style="text-align: left;">But all of it <i>I </i>care to know</div><div style="text-align: left;">Are huddled <i>indoor</i> meetings.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">To ice, I'd hap'ly say "Good day!"</div><div style="text-align: left;">Except in my mixed bev'rages</div><div style="text-align: left;"><i>Their </i>chill's the only ice I pray--</div><div style="text-align: left;">I leave snow's praise to odist sages!</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>Snowed In!</b></div><div style="text-align: left;">There's little solace in the snow</div><div style="text-align: left;">Hunkered down, en-iced, inside</div><div style="text-align: left;">Though I can sense soupçon of solace</div><div style="text-align: left;">Since our election satisfied</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Gloom from politics and climate, too</div><div style="text-align: left;">Stifled season's glee and spirit</div><div style="text-align: left;">But seeing that it's getting through</div><div style="text-align: left;">Puts on a glaze (or some of it)</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Covid may be paling now</div><div style="text-align: left;">Politics improving, too</div><div style="text-align: left;"><i>Yet</i>--outside I hear a plow</div><div style="text-align: left;">And beg these frosty days be few!</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Ah, yes, the solstice, nearly done</div><div style="text-align: left;">A dab of cheer this datum brings</div><div style="text-align: left;">Since longer days will soon be-dawn--</div><div style="text-align: left;">So, let us go a-caroling!</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><br /></div><br /><p></p>Ken Weisshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02049713123559138421noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1812431336777691886.post-70695003331448613812020-12-19T13:16:00.000-05:002020-12-19T13:16:14.861-05:00Season's Felicitations--mustn't there be something to be happy about?!<p> <span style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: large;"><b>There's little solace in the snow</b></span></p><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: large;">There's little solace in the snow,</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: large;">Hunkered down, en-iced, inside</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: large;">But I can sense soupçon of solace</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: large;">Since our election satisfied</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: large;"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: large;">Gloom from politics and climate, too</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: large;">Stifled season's glee and spirit</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: large;">But seeing that it's getting through</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: large;">Puts on a glaze (or some of it)</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: large;"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: large;">Covid may be paling now</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: large;">Politics improving, too</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: large;"><i>Yet...</i>outside I hear a plow</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: large;">And pray these frozen days be few!</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: large;"><br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: large;">Ah, yes, the solstice, nearly done</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: large;"></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: large;">A dab of cheer such datum brings</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: large;">Since longer days will soon be-dawn--<br /></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: large;">So--let us go a-caroling!</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; color: #222222;" /></div>Ken Weisshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02049713123559138421noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1812431336777691886.post-11906201551169415272020-11-09T14:22:00.002-05:002020-11-09T16:21:32.121-05:00Now That the Voting's Over<p> <b><i>Now that the voting's over</i></b></p><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #202122; font-size: 16pt;">N</span><span style="color: #202122;">ow that the voting's over, our decisions thusly done,<br /></span><span style="color: #202122;">It's time to settle down to life,
and act again as one,<br /></span><span style="color: #202122;">To face our common problems and
find ways to see them solved<br /></span><span style="color: #202122;">And thus to have our differences
all honorably resolved<br /></span><span style="color: #202122;"><o:p> <br /></o:p></span><span style="color: #202122;">For, after all, our people should
be able to unite<br /></span><span style="color: #202122;">With differences but also sharing
issues we must right:<br /></span><span style="color: #202122;">With <i>all </i>our shoulders to
the wheel, applied with <i>all</i> our force<br /></span><span style="color: #202122;">Resolving that, as <i>one,</i> we
keep ourselves on course</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #202122;"> </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #202122;">Too much to lose, too much to
lose, and needs so clear in sight<br /></span><span style="color: #202122;">Needs to which we have to use our energies to fight<br /></span><span style="color: #202122;">And not be poisoned by the varied differences
we have<br /></span><span style="color: #202122;">To act as <i>one</i>, against our common problems brave<br /> </span><span style="color: #202122;"><o:p> <br /></o:p></span><span style="color: #202122;">Thus not to lose, no, not to
lose, what is so clearly right:<br /></span><span style="color: #202122;">The good and kindness we must all
put once again in sight<br /></span><span style="color: #202122;">The memory of those who now lie peacefully engraved</span></div><span style="color: #202122;">Whose</span><span style="color: #202122;"> sacrifice made willingly to <i>our</i> honored order save!</span><p style="text-align: left;">
<!--EndFragment--></p>Ken Weisshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02049713123559138421noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1812431336777691886.post-5391158939772031932020-09-26T15:05:00.000-04:002020-09-26T15:05:58.460-04:00He is (or well, he was) just a cat! On legalized killing.....er.....Euthenasia for mere animals<p><span style="font-size: large;"> W</span>e just killed our cat today. Well, I guess what happened was that we paid a vet to do it, or even more sanitized, to 'euthanize' Mew. Mew might not have agreed, but to us humans at least, that term sounds better and exculpates us from having to feel like or be viewed as murderers, or failing to consider the victim to be a kind of person with a sense of self, and all that. </p><p>No, and after all, while killing a human person is murder, euthanizing a mere cat is completely legal and, indeed, is considered a <i>humanitarian</i> or even kindly deed (a strange word, since the 'human' part of that word involves murder or slaughter, which is what our species mainly does far more than kindness).</p><p>But hold on just a moment! Wasn't there a good reason for this euthanizing? After all, we are not just vicious beasts (I'm not sure sure about mere cats). We love(d) our cats! Mew, probably <i>deserved </i>to be 'euthanized'. In this case, his crime was that he didn't pee only in the litter box, and to the contrary, threatened aspects of our house with Detrimental Urinary Damage (DUD), which sounds more technical, indeed, even legalistic, than just saying 'staining some walls'! As an indoor cat, he is...er, was...a DUD.</p><p>Of course, in the case of humans, before one can invoke capital punishment, we have to hold what is called a 'trial', and there has to be a law knowingly broken in a major way as an objective, disinterested jury must unanimously judge. In the case of mere cats, it is our own subjective judgment, say, how much we like our rugs and so on that were being peed on, that defines capital crimes. After all, we are not just wanton killers! </p><p>Oddly, it seems weird that if cats were awarded the same kinds of rights to fair trial, before being executed, they would have a jury of their 'peers' (no pun intended)!</p><p>To be fair, we put up with Mew's peeing literally for years, cleaning up after him and tolerating the damage. There was no way we were able to successfully train him, or even medicate him, to control it. He also lived a non-trivial 11 years, and there was no way he could be adopted by someone else, or survive outdoors. </p><p>And he did not suffer at his end, I'm told (I could not bear to be there and had to go take a walk).</p><p>Ah, well, it's not so bad. After all, we still have two other cats, and we give them the same cuddling and love as we give.....er, <i>gave</i>...to Mew. Well, we give them that so far, at least--but they aren't, not yet anyway, criminally neurotic.</p><p>I have to end this, as I'm getting too morose, and probably everyone actually reading this post has committed comparable biocide at some point in the past (and I'm not referring to meat-eating, which is an entirely additional version of biocide).</p><p>Nor does it serve to say, in private or in this public forum, "I'm sorry, Mew!", because he can't read or hear me and the deed is not reversible: it was done on purpose, for our <i>convenience</i>. If we were truly sorry, we'd not have paid the vet to do it.</p><p>I must, in all honor, if there's any to be found, add that we did try, at least a bit, to see if we could find a good home for such a person....er, cat...as Mew. And after all, we did generously give him a large bowl of tuna as a last meal!</p><p>And I must also sorrowfully add that there is huge hypocrisy in this very lament for poor Mew. I am not a vegetarian. Indeed, it is relevant perhaps that, as evolutionary beasts, we essentially got here and must survive by consuming other living things. Who says plants want to be boiled alive or even eaten raw, even by vegetarians? My burger was once a cow, my bacon a pig, and a carrot or celery stick a 'me'! </p><p>In a way, this omnivory in itself is the brutal evolutionary 'law' that, thanks largely to Darwin, we know to account for the diversity of life itself, and our very existence here on the Earth. And that is why we, like cats, are but temporary tenants....</p>Ken Weisshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02049713123559138421noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1812431336777691886.post-13117352924204844972020-09-07T10:01:00.010-04:002020-09-23T15:01:21.423-04:00This year (Fall 2020)'s textbook-free and ON-LINE syllabus for Human Origins and Evolution (Intro biological anthropology) <p class="MsoNormal"><em><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Hi all,<o:p></o:p></span></span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><em><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">It’s tradition for me to post
my syllabus for my big intro course every fall. This year, I’m sorry to not be
posting all the readings and assignments—they now exist as pages on my course
site, which means transferring them to The Mermaid’s Tale would be too tedious.
But, perhaps, what I am sharing will still be helpful, if for no other reason
than to see how someone else is doing this course. This year, because it’s
online and because we have this new fancy platform for our courses (Brightspace),
I included tons of music videos as musical interludes between content and
assignments, like bumper music on NPR, which creates space for students (and me)
to think, move, stretch, dance, daydream. I’ll post some of those videos below.<o:p></o:p></span></span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><em><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Cheers to everyone as they begin Fall
2020!<o:p></o:p></span></span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><em><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Love and Evolution,<o:p></o:p></span></span></em></p>
<p><em><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Holly</span></span></em></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"> <b>SYLLABUS</b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: georgia;">Fall 2020 – Fully on-line and asynchronous due to pandemic; 120 students </span></b></p><p style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></b></p><p style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: georgia;">APG 201 (3 credits)</span></b></p><p style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: georgia;">Human Origins and Evolution</span></b></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Professor Holly Dunsworth</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">[cell phone number]</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">@hollydunsworth </span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b>Professor Dunsworth’s office:</b> URI Quad & Zoom</span></p><p><i><span style="font-family: georgia;">Really, it’s Chafee 132A. I just can’t host anyone in there this semester.</span></i></p><p><b><span style="font-family: georgia;">Student hours: </span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">(a) MWF 11-11:50, in-person on the Quad, if it is not raining, up until Thanksgiving break</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">(b) M 12-1 pm, W 1-2 pm, & F 10-11 am on Zoom: [personal room link]</span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">I welcome and encourage students who cannot make these open student hours, or who wish to chat privately, to make an appointment by emailing me [my email address] </span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b>Acknowledgments: </b>For contributing to this course and syllabus through their lovely influence, I am grateful to Cynthia Taylor, Jeffrey Kurland, Alan Walker, Pat Shipman, Jim Wood, Susan Antón, Briana Pobiner, Paul Beardsley, Anne Buchanan, Ken Weiss, and Anna Santucci. And I’m grateful to all the authors of the texts referenced here, as well as to everyone who shares useful content and approaches on social media.</span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: georgia;">COURSE DESCRIPTION</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">The biocultural evolution of humans. An investigation into humankind’s place in nature, including a review of the living primates, human genetics and development, evolutionary theory, and the human fossil record. Fulfills both the General Education outcomes A1 (STEM knowledge) and C3 (Diversity and Inclusion) </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia;">This is a course about how you evolved. This is your
origin story (at least, one of them). To write it, we will learn from biological
and evolutionary anthropologists who study human and nonhuman primate biology,
behavior, diversity, adaptation and evolution in order to better understand the
human species and explain how we arrived at our current condition: Incessantly
chattering, naked, culturally dependent, big-brained, bipedal creatures who are
diverse in appearance and culture and inhabit nearly all types of habitats on
Earth. Along our journey we will ask ourselves how we know what we know. We
will also address, head-on why so much of this material is culturally
controversial. The science of human evolution and its dissemination into the
popular imagination has a long history of racism and sexism. In this course we
will address that history and the stigma it attached to human origins by
identifying bad evolutionary thinking, misconceptions, and the many horrible
misapplications of that thinking. A long tradition of making <i>Homo sapiens </i>the hero of human origins
and evolution, rather than each of us, all of us, is one major cause of this
problem, which is why you, not the species, is the hero of the origin story we
tell in this course. Here, we take back our species’ shared origins story and
make it one that’s fit for all humankind. When that happens, <i>then </i>the species will be the hero.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: georgia;"> <b><span style="text-transform: uppercase;">Required materials</span></b></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: georgia;">1.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><i>The Incredible Unlikeliness of Being </i>by Alice Roberts – highly recommend the
physical book (over digital or audio;
there are multiple cover designs, but don’t worry because it’s all the
same book) <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: georgia;">2.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Moleskine
Classic Collection, hardcover notebook, Ruled (or Unruled, your choice) 5 x 8
1/4 inch (this size is required) and must have at least 96 pages (240 pages is
easiest to purchase), any color<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: georgia;">3.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->In
addition to Roberts’ book, there are required readings and videos posted in
each week’s module on Brightspace. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: georgia;">4.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Non-required
resource (textbook): <a href="http://explorations.americananthro.org/index.php/chapters/">http://explorations.americananthro.org/index.php/chapters/</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><b><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: georgia;">APG 201
Learning Outcomes<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b>Anthropology
(B.A.) program learning outcome (LO): </b>Describe the historical development of anthropology and be
able to characterize how each subfield contributes to the unified discipline.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="font-family: georgia; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span> </span><span> </span>APG 201
LO #1:</b><span style="font-family: georgia; text-indent: -0.25in;">
Identify human origins and evolution as an anthropological endeavor (the
integration of STEM, social sciences, and humanities; and always within a
cultural-historical context). (also LO for A1)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b>Anthropology
(B.A.) program LO: </b>Explain biological and biocultural evolution, describe the
evidence for human origins and evolution, and evaluate both scientific debates
and cultural controversies over genetic determinism, biological race, and
evolution.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="font-family: georgia; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span> </span><span> </span>APG 201
LO #2</b><span style="font-family: georgia; text-indent: -0.25in;">:
Recognize scientific debates about how present, physical evidence is
interpreted to support or refute hypotheses for particular events in, or
aspects of, human evolution. (also LO for A1)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b>Anthropology
(B.A.) program LO: </b>Compare past and present cultures, including ecological
adaptations, social organization, and belief systems, using a holistic,
cross-cultural, relativistic, and scientific approach.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="font-family: georgia; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span> </span><span> </span>APG 201
LO #3:</b><span style="font-family: georgia; text-indent: -0.25in;">
Recognize and explain how scientists look to nonhuman species, contemporary
human biology, and the fossil and archaeological records to reconstruct the
origins and evolution of present-day biological variation, and the development
of upright locomotion, language and speech, material cultures, and forms of
social organization. (also LO for A1)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="font-family: georgia;">Anthropology
(B.A.) program LO: </b><span style="font-family: georgia;">Explain quantitative and qualitative methods in the analysis
of anthropological data and critically evaluate the logic of anthropological
research.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="font-family: georgia; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span> </span><span> </span>APG 201
LO #4:</b><span style="font-family: georgia; text-indent: -0.25in;">
Summarize the sociocultural controversies associated with human evolution,
rooted in historical tradition, bias, and prejudice, or rooted in
misinformation based on outdated or incorrect claims from scientists. (also LO
for A1 & C3)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="font-family: georgia;">Anthropology
(B.A.) program LO: </b><span style="font-family: georgia;">Apply anthropological research to contemporary environmental,
social, or health issues worldwide.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="font-family: georgia; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span> </span><span> </span>APG 201
LO #5:</b><span style="font-family: georgia; text-indent: -0.25in;">
Differentiate between the variation caused by human evolution and the inequity
caused by biased and incorrect beliefs about human evolution. Based on that
distinction, students will evaluate and critique evolution-based claims for the
biological reality of “race” and “gender.” From there, students will explain
and argue for the sociocultural construction of “race” and “gender." (also
LO for A1 &C3)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="font-family: georgia; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span> </span><span> </span>APG 201
LO #6:</b><span style="font-family: georgia; text-indent: -0.25in;">
(specific to C3)</span><b style="font-family: georgia; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </b><span style="font-family: georgia; text-indent: -0.25in;">Apply knowledge of
effective problem solving or conflict resolution skills related to diversity
and inclusion in order to respond to real-life situations. Choose and use
appropriate communication styles to engage in difficult dialogues related to
diversity and inclusion.</span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b><span style="text-transform: uppercase;">Grade Scale: </span></b>A = 93.5 – 110%; A- = 89.5 –
93.4%; B+ = 87.5 – 89.4%; B = 83.5 – 87.4%; B- = 79.5 – 83.4%; C+ = 77.5 –
79.4%; C = 73.5 – 77.4%; C- = 69.5 – 73.4%; D+ = 67.5 – 69.4%; D = 59.5 –
67.4%; F = below 59.5%</span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">ASSESSMENT<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Group work online (14 x) 15%<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Attend discussion in Dunsworth’s student hours (2 x) 10%<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Quizzes (3) 30%<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><u><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Book of Origins 45%<o:p></o:p></span></u></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing">
</p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Total 100
(110 with extra credit)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: georgia;">Group
work online (14 x 1% each= 14 + 1% bonus for excellence = 15%)</span></u></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Students
will be divided into groups of no more than 10 people. Each group will work in
a Google Doc, where individual group members will contribute to weekly prompts
and then return and engage with others’ responses by providing feedback.
Professor Dunsworth will provide feedback there, as well. All points are earned
for answering the prompt and completing the peer responses that follow. Because
this is a practice space, errors (unless enormous and way out of bounds) will
not negate points earned for completing the response. (Don’t forget to add your responses to the
Google doc prompts to your Book of Origins, because each one doubles as an
assignment there, see below. Yes, you may, and are encouraged to, revise your
answers before entering them into your Books of Origins, especially in light of
any peer feedback.)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: georgia;">Visit
Professor Dunsworth’s STUDENT HOURS (2 x 5% each = 10%)</span></u></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Because
we are not holding class during our class time, we will instead use that
time <b>MWF 11-11:50 am for live, in-person student hours on the Quad</b> if
it is not raining (and up until Thanksgiving break, after which this moves to
Zoom), and for the entire semester we will also hold remote student hours
on <b>Zoom M 12-1 pm, W 1-2 pm, and F 10-11 am</b>: [personal room link]. Both
Quad and Zoom student hours are drop-in, no appointment necessary and they are
social (meaning other students may be present). Each student must attend at
least two of these discussions with Professor Dunsworth in order to receive
full credit for this portion of the course grade. Visit as many times as you
wish, but the minimum is two. Only the student hours from Monday, September 14
onward are available for credit; the first two student hours of the semester
(September 9 and 11) are open to all, especially to those who have questions
about getting the course up and running. As long as it is not raining, count on
me being on the Quad for the in-person student hours MWF 11-11:50 am. Starting
at 11 am, I will stand at the northwest corner of the Quad and then at some
point will probably begin walking. So if you arrive after 11 am, you will
either see me still standing there or see nobody which means I'm/we’re doing
laps around the Quad. If you arrive after 11 and do not see me, wait there at
the northwest corner of the quad for me/us to return from the lap around, or if
you can see where I/we are, then feel free to beeline across the quad to
rendezvous on the fly. I will wear my black (and full of embarrassing flair)
teaching robe so that I will be easier for you to spot out there. A towel, for
sitting on the grass, is a useful thing to have. Students who cannot make any
Quad or Zoom standing, open student hours, or who wish to chat privately
one-on-one, are most welcome to email me to make an appointment to talk via
phone, facetime, or zoom. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: georgia;">Quizzes
1, 2, and 3 (3 x 10% each = 30%)</span></u></b></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing">
</p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: georgia;">These are take-home quizzes where students are free to consult
resources and each other (as long as it’s symbiotic and not parasitic). But, if
any written answers are similar, that is plagiarism and all hell breaks loose. This
is the only aspect of the course where complete accuracy is required. Quizzes
will consist of multiple-choice, short answer, and essay. They are each only on
one third of the course but concepts do persist and build up as the course
progresses. Quizzes will be opened up on Brightspace a few days ahead of the
deadline for submission. All students will be notified when each quiz becomes
available.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Book
of Origins– Due at the end of the semester (45%) <o:p></o:p></span></u></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">This semester-long
project takes place in your moleskine.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Clearly
write your name, email address, phone number, and mailing address inside the
front cover (this will greatly help me return your graded book after the
semester is over). <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Mark or decorate the cover with your name or a sticker
or the title or something so you can tell me how to find yours in a sea of
other books, if necessary. <b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Leave 4 pages blank before entering your first
assignment 1.1. This is the book’s front
matter and it will be where you eventually put your Table of Contents, listing
the starting page number for each assignment. Your Table of Contents will track
only complete assignments, which, due to circumstances of life, may be entered
out of order, no problem. That’s what the Table of Contents will sort out.<b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Number your pages as you go, front and back. <b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">From the outset, please <b>work only on the front
page of each page</b>; leave the backs of the pages blank (but still number
them). This makes the book neater and clearer (especially when ink bleeds
through), but it also leaves blank space for you to return to old work, at any
time in the semester, and add comments or updates. Whenever you are assigned to
fill “at least one page” that means at least one side and if you go over that,
then continue on the next page’s front side.<b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Your Book of Origins is <b><u>not</u> your course notebook</b>.
You will need a separate notebook for jotting down notes and for organizing whatever
you might print out. Though you may, then, enter/include as much of that
information into your Book of Origins as you wish.<b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Your Book of Origins is your creation<b> </b>and the
content includes your assignments and any additional information from the
course or related to the course that you find to be meaningful during this
semester.<b> </b>You will write this Book of Origins over the course of the
semester and get it back after grading when our course is over. <b>You are writing this for yourself,</b> not
for Professor Dunsworth.<b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">9.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Number your assignments with the numbers that are
attached to them in Brightspace (e.g. 1.1, 1.2, …) so that you can eventually
make a table of contents. Assignments are choreographed readings and
activities, timed to maximize your engagement with the rest of the course
material and your mastery of it. Some will ask you to respond to a reading with
words or drawings. Others will involve watching films or performing interactive
activities on-line. Still others guide you to perform specific exercises in
preparation for learning more in the course. <b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">10.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">If the assignment asks you to write something, you
must write in your own words. If you want to include quotes in your Book of
Origins, please do, but <b>your assignment</b> <b>must be more your words</b> <b>than
quotes</b> of others’.<u> </u><b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">11.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">You need to <b>fill at least one side of one page,
minimum, for each assignment</b> to get full credit for its completion. Write
in sentences strung together in prose. Bullet-pointed notes do not count as a
completed writing assignment. You may include those<u> </u>kinds of notes in
addition to your assignments (and you are encouraged if you value them,
understandably), but that is not the method you may use to complete an
assignment. This is writing! Write! If you choose to draw to complete an
assignment, you still need to write even just a complete sentence to explain
what it is that you drew and why. <b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">12.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">If your handwriting is illegible, or if you just
prefer to type, you can type up your assignments, print them, cut them out, and
paste them into your book. You can used mixed methods too, typing some and
handwriting others, or parts of others. You can also draw on other paper, cut
it out, and paste it onto the moleskine page.<b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">13.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">If you
choose to draw more than write,</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> you still need to convey the
significance of the drawing by writing, even a sentence.<u> </u>You cannot
simply draw some genitalia, for example, and then move on to the next
assignment. Those genitalia need an explanation! What are those genitalia doing
there on that page of your Book of Origins? Make everything you enter into your
moleskine part of your Book of Origins by giving it context for the reader (who
is future you, and anyone you may share it with). Which brings me to this VERY IMPORTANT point:<b>
<i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">14.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Each assignment must be <b>comprehensible to a total
stranger</b> who isn’t part of this course and who has no idea what has been
assigned. This is a book, after all, not merely a compendium of homework. So,
that means you must write and include <u>context</u> for your work on each page.
For some of you this will mean transcribing the assignment/prompt into your
books while for others may mean you simply write a bit of an introduction, even
just a sentence, to orient the reader. Sometimes a great short title scrawled
on the page is all you need to do the trick.<u> </u><b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">15.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Grading is based mostly on whether you completed the
assignments thoughtfully and professionally, not whether you completed them
entirely correctly. In other words, you earn full credit for each assignment by
putting forth the effort to complete it—as long as it’s a solid effort, earnestly
attempts to answer the questions that are asked, and fills at least one side of
one page! I grade this way because these
assignments are often struggles that I’m asking you to face on your own ahead
of addressing these topics in the course.
Errors in the assignments are therefore tolerated but egregious
inaccuracies are not (e.g. irrelevant or nonsensical material). Your book’s overall
grade will be based on completion of assignments, effort, clarity/legibility,
organization, and integration into the moleskine as a cohesive book (in which
you are encouraged to curate materials beyond what is assigned, like highlights
or quotes from the videos you watched in the course, etc). The overall grade
takes into consideration how thoughtful you are in creating your book. Though, <b>if
assignments are all clearly complete, then that is enough to earn 100% for the
Book of Origins.</b> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">16.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Do not write or draw anything for an assignment if you have
not read/viewed the assigned material</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">. That is a waste of time and is dishonest to yourself to boot. Books that are created without doing the work
of learning are obvious and will earn zero points.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">17.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Be sure to <b>number your pages</b> as you go so
that you can create that table of contents in the front of your book. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">18.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Your Book of Origins is due by <b>Sunday December
20. </b>Grades will be posted on Brightspace. Submit your Book of Origins on or before the
deadline whether it is complete or not because after the deadline I won’t be
accepting books. You’d rather have partial credit than zero credit. This
deadline is so firm because the point is to encourage you to do these
assignments routinely throughout the semester. So keep up with it and you will
be rewarded in your learning and you won’t be overwhelmed with catching up at
the end of the semester. If you choose to mail it, make sure to choose the
delivery option that has it arrive on or before December 20. To submit your book, mail it or hand deliver
it to my house. <b>Professor Holly Dunsworth [my home address and cell phone]</b>.
(If you choose to hand deliver it, do not let your navigation app take you down
any dirt roads; those are impassable and we drive on all paved roads to get to
our house. Make your way down our driveway and leave your book on my screened
porch, or just drop it in the mailbox at the end of the driveway. Do not
deliver your book to my porch after dark because we live in the woods and you
will scare the bleep out of us.) Feel free to discuss any questions you have
any time with Professor Dunsworth! <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">19.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: magenta; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Attention students who are
taking this course from their homes in international locales, in which case it
may not be feasible to mail in your book by the deadline: </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Work with me (email; cell number) to arrange
an individual plan to submit your Book of Origins on time. We can do this. We
have the technology! </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Extra
credit (up to 10%) – Accepted any time up to and including December 14.<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Living humans are not models of our ancient
ancestors. However, there are ways that people move their bodies around the
world that probably do better approximate some of our ancestors’ behaviors
compared to ours. When it comes to moving around in a day, people like the
Hadza of Tanzania, who forage for their food, range further on their feet than
people who visit grocery stores. Hadza adults typically travel 6 miles/day,
minimum, many go much farther. Since this course is about our evolution from
foraging ancestors but also our evolution into upright walking and running
apes, one way to earn extra credit is to go the distance, on your feet. If you <b>walk,
run, or combine the two for at least 3 miles a day, on average, over the course
of 7 consecutive days (or if you do the equivalent, which is to travel a total
of at least 21 miles or 52,000 steps over a week)</b>, then you earn 5% points
extra credit added to your total course grade.
There are myriad ways to demonstrate your accomplishment of this feat to
Prof. Dunsworth, by zooming and showing your phone or other device, by
screenshotting your app, by showing Prof. Dunsworth a measured digital or paper
map of your travels. (However you demonstrate your success, I will believe you.)
If you complete that “half Hadza way” challenge, then you unlock the
opportunity to attempt the “whole Hadza way” challenge for an additional 5%,
which is doubling it—<b>traveling at least 6 miles/day on foot for 7
consecutive days, or a total of 42 miles (or 104,000 steps) over a week.</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">For students who do not opt to do the physical extra
credit challenge, there is a scholarly one. It’s called <b>“Thanks, Evolution!”</b>
and the details are posted separately on Brightspace. Students who take on this
challenge write an evolutionary origin story for something that they like about
life on Earth (cheese, dogs, laughter, etc…). It’s a short research paper and
earns 10% if done excellently, less if not, but most points are for completion.
<span style="color: red;">Students may only do the walk/run option or the
research paper option, not both. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">Table of Contents: A hero’s journey</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Start here – Syllabus, welcome, how the course works, and all
kinds of information and resources, including vote.org <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Nite Expo – Oh Sees <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O8hf8HBeFSE">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O8hf8HBeFSE</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Don’t spectate, participate – Tim Easton
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FFe_ub2b-zo">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FFe_ub2b-zo</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Initial
situation<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Week 1 – In the beginning: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Anthropology, Science<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l11 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">September – Earth Wind and Fire </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gs069dndIYk">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gs069dndIYk</a></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l11 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span color="" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Is it like today? – World Party </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0tyLGi2LtlU">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0tyLGi2LtlU</a></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span color="" style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">The Daily
Heavy – Thee Oh Sees <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YA0dExRdsaQ">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YA0dExRdsaQ</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l11 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Fresh Blood – Eels <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K4Qp1TEKswQ">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K4Qp1TEKswQ</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Tidal Wave –
Oh Sees <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VSwD_-kKcyI">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VSwD_-kKcyI</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Week 2 – You are a primate: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Primate characteristics and diversity<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span color="" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Monkey Man – Rolling Stones </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o8uVSzVY8kQ">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o8uVSzVY8kQ</a></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span color="" style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Monkey Gone to Heaven – The Pixies </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XycBLF6kWuY">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XycBLF6kWuY</a></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Ape-man – the Kinks </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aRHqs8SffDo">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aRHqs8SffDo</a></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Week 3 – Are you an ape?: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Evolution, tree-thinking<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">King Kong – The Kinks<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span color="" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Adventure of
a lifetime – Coldplay <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QtXby3twMmI">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QtXby3twMmI</a></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span color="" style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Feed the Tree – Belly </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RQJjUbMrt8w">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RQJjUbMrt8w</a></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Week 4 - You have strange ancestors: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Speciation,
Fossils<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Digging in the dirt – Peter Gabriel </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X0C3DHp36zc">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X0C3DHp36zc</a></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span color="" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Rock the Casbah – The Clash </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bJ9r8LMU9bQ">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bJ9r8LMU9bQ</a></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span color="" style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">I am a
paleontologist – They Might Be Giants <a href="https://vimeo.com/5377182">https://vimeo.com/5377182</a></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Hero<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Week 5 - The unbroken thread + sex + gestation made the fetal
version of you: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Origins of sex, eggs and sperm, DNA, genes<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Get Lucky – Daft Punk and Pharrell <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5NV6Rdv1a3I">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5NV6Rdv1a3I</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Start Me Up – Rolling Stones </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGyOaCXr8Lw">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGyOaCXr8Lw</a></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Peace of Mind – Tim Easton </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EZPuLjGson4">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EZPuLjGson4</a></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Do You Realize? – Flaming Lips <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lPXWt2ESxVY">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lPXWt2ESxVY</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Change<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Week 6 - You evolved: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Gestation, Mutation, Hox genes, Gene
flow, Natural Selection, Genetic Drift<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Changes – David Bowie </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pl3vxEudif8">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pl3vxEudif8</a></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span color="" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Changes – 2Pac </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eXvBjCO19QY">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eXvBjCO19QY</a></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span color="" style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Don’t Change – INXS </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sLm3Khusq_8">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sLm3Khusq_8</a></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Week 7 -</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> <b>Evolution is science
and stories</b>: The LCA,<b> </b>Skin Color
Variation, Malaria Resistance, Building Evolutionary Scenarios<o:p></o:p></span></p><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Colors
– Black Pumas <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0G383538qzQ">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0G383538qzQ</a></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">She’s a rainbow – the Rolling Stones <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6c1BThu95d8 " target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6c1BThu95d8 </a></span></li><li class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Vampire –
The Bel Airs </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bz9mOLn7ZAQ">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bz9mOLn7ZAQ</a></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Here’s
where the story ends – The Sundays </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FHsip5xOenQ">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FHsip5xOenQ</a></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Departure<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Week 8 - When you were very young: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Birth,
Milk, Walking<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Happy Birthday to Me- Cracker </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0bQ7wJmrbA">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0bQ7wJmrbA</a></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Until You Came along – Golden Smog </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YUu7yXDYch4">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YUu7yXDYch4</a></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Rockin stroll – lemonheads </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dX7BmWEJ5Dc">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dX7BmWEJ5Dc</a></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Walk like an Egyptian - The Bangles </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cv6tuzHUuuk">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cv6tuzHUuuk</a></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Test<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Week 9 - Your big hot hungry brain: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Tools, technology,
running, throwing, evolution of meat-eating<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Poisoned Stones - </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=el4VQS7Kw88">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=el4VQS7Kw88</a></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Born to Run – Bruce <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IxuThNgl3YA">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IxuThNgl3YA</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span color="" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Cool
Off - Missy Elliott <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fgSOPq_XWcI">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fgSOPq_XWcI</a></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span color="" style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span color="" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Eat Steak – Reverend Horton Heat </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wQynViAF6Ds">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wQynViAF6Ds</a></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span color="" style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Donor/gift<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Week 10 -</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> <b>You reason,
abstractly, therefore you are.</b> <b>Language
helps: </b>Talking, Socializing, Art, Imagination, Extreme Cooperation<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -0.25in;"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Where Is My Mind – The Pixies <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N3oCS85HvpY " target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N3oCS85HvpY </a></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">Teenage lobotomy – Ramones <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xi7f6_Bg9Hc">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xi7f6_Bg9Hc</a></span></li><li><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">Apesh*t – The Carters <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kbMqWXnpXcA">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kbMqWXnpXcA</a></span></li><li><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">Freewill - Rush https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OnxkfLe4G74</span></li></ul><!--[if !supportLists]--><p></p><div style="text-indent: -24px;"><br /></div><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Transformation<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Week 11 -</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> <b>What are you? What is
a human</b>? Human origins, dispersal,
and impact<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">Fisherman’s blues
– the water boys </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4UQJwd3awQ" style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4UQJwd3awQ</span></a></li><li><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">The Poacher – Ronnie
Lane</span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; text-indent: -0.25in;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gqQRphZtv1M">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gqQRphZtv1M</a></span></li><li><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">Fever - Jingo </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WCqD9yCNWsQ"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WCqD9yCNWsQ</span></a></li><li><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">Time to Pretend –
MGMT </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B9dSYgd5Elk"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B9dSYgd5Elk</span></a></li><li><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">Let’s get
together – Youngbloods </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w_inXx-J3nU"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w_inXx-J3nU</span></a></li></ul><!--[if !supportLists]--><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Test
again<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Week 12 -</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> <b>They baked racism and
sexism into our shared origins story: </b>Let’s take it out<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">Do the evolution
– Pearl Jam </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aDaOgu2CQtI" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aDaOgu2CQtI</a></li><li><span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">Freedom – Beyoncé
and Kendrick Lamar <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZDyqv5AJChk">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZDyqv5AJChk</a></span></li><li><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"> </span>This is America –
Childish Gambino <span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; text-indent: -0.25in;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VYOjWnS4cMY" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VYOjWnS4cMY</a></span></li><li><span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">Controversy –
Prince </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; text-indent: -0.25in;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4gazNwzC4H0" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4gazNwzC4H0</a></span></li><li>Black and Blue - Louis Armstrong <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LDPUfbXRLM" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LDPUfbXRLM </a></li></ul><!--[if !supportLists]--><p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Week 13</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> - <b>Rewriting our shared
origins story so it's fit for all humankind: </b>Continuing last week’s charge<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l10 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -0.25in;"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; text-indent: -0.25in;"> Born
this Way – Lady Gaga </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wV1FrqwZyKw" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wV1FrqwZyKw</a></li><li> Controversy - Low
Cut Connie <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j3zUxTRvDgg" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j3zUxTRvDgg</a></li><li><span style="font-family: Symbol;"> </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">PYNK – Janelle
Monae </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PaYvlVR_BEc"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PaYvlVR_BEc</span></a></li><li><span style="font-family: Symbol;"> </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">Man – Neko Case </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JyGKewWVgEQ"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JyGKewWVgEQ</span></a></li></ul><!--[if !supportLists]--><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"> </span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Triumph<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Week 14/15 -</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri Light"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> <b>You are a wise,
reflective creature who is always evolving. And you are a storytelling ape: </b>Looking
back and ahead<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -0.25in;"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; text-indent: -0.25in;">This Time
Tomorrow – The Kinks <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qwVJ7FWc4rQ">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qwVJ7FWc4rQ</a></span></li><li><span style="font-family: Symbol;"> </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">Strangers – The
Kinks </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MR52MIJuZJY"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MR52MIJuZJY</span></a></li><li><span style="font-family: Symbol;"> </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">Smoke and Sparks
– Grant-Lee Phillips </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Zkl2LiSQ_k"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Zkl2LiSQ_k</span></a></li><li><span style="font-family: Symbol;"> </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">What light –
Wilco </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqzPvgu1H0A"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqzPvgu1H0A</span></a></li><li><span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">Bittersweet
Symphony – The Verve</span> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lyu1KKwC74">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lyu1KKwC74</a></li><li><span style="font-family: Symbol;"> </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">Anymore for
Anymore – Ronnie Lane and Slim Chance <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vS6nNDvqnfg">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vS6nNDvqnfg</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></li><li><span style="font-family: Symbol;"> </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">Heroes – David
Bowie </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lXgkuM2NhYI"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lXgkuM2NhYI</span></a></li></ul><!--[if !supportLists]--><p></p>
<div><br /></div>Holly Dunsworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05260104967932801186noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1812431336777691886.post-64661925419224979222020-08-11T11:48:00.015-04:002020-08-11T16:13:42.935-04:00Human babies are not born early, humans are not altricial, and human pregnancy is not shortened or truncated. Therefore, there is no obstetrical dilemma.<p><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hi
Everybody,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Want
to hear something funny? <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Three years ago, when
I wrote “<a href="https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1018&context=soc_facpubs" target="_blank">There is no obstetrical dilemma</a>” (OD) I thought that was the last time I’d
have to write about the obstetrical dilemma. I relished writing that piece, but
I truly believed I was writing the OD out of existence, for me. Killing it off, from
my research program. Leaving it to others to carry on debating, testing.
Freeing up my brain for researching other things. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After all, I’d been intensively working on the
OD since 2007. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">But
who was I kidding? Me! Myself! Just me! It’s only me here! I work in an
undergraduate program. I have no graduate students or post-docs to carry the torch.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’m stuck holding it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">So,
despite writing my final article on the OD in 2018, I’ve since written another
one for a very cool anthropology volume coming out next year. (In it, I really
go to town on this whole “early birth” misconception and can’t wait for that to
be published.) And despite the OD being dead to me, I somehow piloted a
fun and expensive study of marmoset pregnancy and lactation energetics, as a
test of non-OD ideas, but which sadly failed to produce usable data. And, of
course, because this is how it works, I’ve continued to receive OD manuscripts
to review, many of which don’t even cite the damn 2018 paper, and none of which
took up my argument, or arrived there independently, about how <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">if there is no solution, then there is no
dilemma in the first place.</b> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">The
obstetrical dilemma is a beloved hypothesis which (I don’t
believe) explains difficult childbirth and helpless babies. The OD says that as
hominins evolved larger and larger brains, selection for bipedalism constrained
the bony birth canal, which is a dilemma that was solved by birthing babies
early to escape while they were small enough, but just barely. (“Obstetrical
dilemma” as a term is often used as a synonym for the tight fit between a human
birther’s pelvis and neonate, and for the difficult birth that ensues, but even
when the term is applied in those ways, the OD hypothesis is almost always assumed. That is, when researchers apply that term to childbirth difficulty,
underneath that is the notion that humans are born early.) <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">[the following grafs are from
Dunsworth 2018]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">To
appreciate how far OD-thinking has spread beyond the academy, we can read the
popular science literature where, for example, Meredith Small wrote in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Our Babies Ourselves </i>(1999) that “women
couldn’t walk” if the birth canal were widened to accommodate a more developed
neonate. In <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Paleofantasy </i>(2013)
Marlene Zuk penned, “You can’t give birth to large-brained infants and also
walk on two legs trouble-free…” And there is the vast influence of Harvey
Karp’s “Happiest Baby” enterprise, where he advises parents to treat their
newborns like fetuses, asserting that human babies are ‘evicted’ early. To
further demonstrate the reach of the OD, we can listen to the opening verse of
the title track to Father John Misty’s 2017 Grammy-nominated album “<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wKrSYgirAhc" target="_blank">PureComedy</a>”:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"></span></p><blockquote><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">The
comedy of man starts like this:<br />
Our brains are way too big for our mother’s hips<br />
So, nature, she devised this alternative:<br />
We emerge half-formed and hope whoever greets us on the other end<br />
Is kind enough<br />
To fill us in<br />
And, babies, that’s pretty much how it’s been ever since</span></blockquote><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">OD
thinking is everywhere, and I helped with that. As a graduate student at Penn
State I taught this narrative to my students while I was also enshrining it in
a small reference volume, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Human Origins
101 </i>(2007)<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">, </i>which I was writing
alongside my dissertation. About our narrow-hipped direct ancestors of the
species <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Homo erectus</i>, I wrote how
they “may have shortened gestation (i.e. the period of fetal development in the
uterus) [in order] to be physically capable of giving birth to large brained
babies through [their] relatively small birth canal. An earlier birth results
in a more helpless, less developed, altricial infant. “ (p. 139) After that
passage I listed all the significant aspects of being human that may have
evolved as consequence of the evolution of this hips-induced earlier birth:
Paternal investment, food-sharing, home bases, loving adult relationships, free
time, elaborate language, singing, music, wit, dancing. Wow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">[end of material from Dunsworth
2018]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">As
OD thinking goes, there’s a dilemma (big brains versus bipedalism) and it’s
been solved (early birth). But
without that solution, then where’s the dilemma? I think it's nowhere. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">We have big brains.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">We are bipedal.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">We
give birth to big babies whom we care for intensively.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Childbirth
typically sucks, despite it being the most common “best day of my life." Oh, wow. Yes it was!</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vEkZUMD2DxU/XzK7PGn3_wI/AAAAAAAAFRk/JIjJ4UpG_tQVcSY1YjJjFxlfyBeD_0yCwCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/abe%2Borange.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="2048" height="512" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vEkZUMD2DxU/XzK7PGn3_wI/AAAAAAAAFRk/JIjJ4UpG_tQVcSY1YjJjFxlfyBeD_0yCwCLcBGAsYHQ/w512-h512/abe%2Borange.jpg" width="512" /></a></div><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">And the evolution of big brains, big babies, and bipedalism must have something to do with that.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">But…
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">We
did not shorten pregnancy/gestation. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">We
are not born early.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">[the following grafs are from
Dunsworth 2018]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">[When
I began investigating the OD,] I wanted to see for myself
was how short our pregnancies are compared to other primates. I found very
easily that they are not. Our pregnancies are as dreadfully long as
chimpanzees’, bonobos’, gorillas’, and orangutans’ and even a bit longer. Of
all the primates, the great apes have the longest pregnancies (ranging across
species from roughly 30-39 weeks; Animal Diversity Web), and among them humans
lie at the long end, with maybe a few weeks more. This long, not truncated,
human pregnancy defied my OD expectations and sparked my doubt of the entire
story.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">When
you read the scientific literature that covers birth-related variables across
primates, humans don’t stick out as strange save for four traits. First, there
is that detail about us having the longest pregnancies. Second, we are the
fattest baby primate (Kuzawa 1998) and this contributes to our absolutely
largest neonatal size. Third, we are born with the absolute largest brains of
all baby primates. And, fourth, for a baby primate, we are <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">relatively</i> small-brained at birth (DeSilva and Lesnik 2006; for all
four traits see also Dunsworth et al. 2012). Notice how a fifth trait is not
the tight fit at birth. There are monkey species that have tight fits at birth.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Despite
having absolutely long gestations, large bodies, and big brains at birth, the
relative view of neonatal brain size is what convinces people that we are born
early and seduces them over to the OD. By “relative” brain we are talking about
newborn brain size divided by adult brain size—that is, the proportion of the
adult brain that a baby has at birth and, by extension, how much of a brain the
baby will need to grow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Born with the
smallest relative brain size, roughly only 30% of our adult brain size, it
necessarily follows that humans have the most postnatal brain growth to
accomplish of all the primates. But why should the perinatal proportion of our
adult brain size be evidence that we’re born early? <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">One
answer dominates the thinking but it is not a perspective I share any longer.
It is this: Chimpanzees are born with 40% of adult brain size, eclipsing our
mere 30%.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This difference requires an
explanation. And so, the thinking goes, humans <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">should </i>be born with just as much growth accomplished towards their
adult-sized brain as those apes, but that we are not means that something must
be preventing it. Tradition assumes that something is the bipedal pelvis. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">On
his website for The Happiest Baby, Harvey Karp explains how, “I always tell my
patients that babies are born too soon” and how, “your baby’s brain was so big
that you had to ‘evict’ her after 9 months, even though she was still smushy,
mushy and very immature. As a result, she isn’t quite ready for the big, bad
outside world. So, for the first months, it can help to think of her like a
fetus…outside the womb.” This is the basis for the “fourth trimester” concept
he uses to advise parents in how to care for their newborns. This is very much
out of the academic tradition that emphasizes, despite the absolute large, “so
big” size of the newborn human brain, how relatively small it is—a focus that
has been strongly influenced by classic works of Adolph Schultz (1949), Adolf
Portmann (1969), and Stephen Jay Gould (1977), whose book <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ontogeny and Phylogen</i>y was read beyond anthropological and human
evolutionary biology circles. [In his collection of essays, Gould even described
human babies as embryos.] In the tradition of their great influence folks continue
to assume that humans really should be gestating our fetuses longer.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Portmann
even described humans as “secondarily altricial,” a term that has long
populated lists of uniquely human traits. Primates as an order are precocial.
For an example of a typical, and extreme, precocial mammal, “consider the
horse,” as Mr. Foster in Huxley’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Brave
New World</i> said. ‘Precocial’ describes how horse foals and primate infants are
far more developed at birth than species on the other side of the spectrum
dubbed “altricial,” like most carnivore and rodent species—which are extremely
helpless as newborn pups and cubs, usually furless, blind, parked in a den or
nest, and incapable of clinging to their mothers except to suckle. Deeming
humans “secondarily altricial” suggests we share significant traits in common
with wolves and rats to hold us apart from the rest of the primates and that the
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Homo </i>lineage has reverted back to a
deeply ancestral altricial condition after a precocial phase in our more recent
primate ancestry. And, what was powerful enough to cause this major, unique
evolutionary shift in human evolution towards altriciality? A pelvic constraint
due to bipedalism, so the OD thinking goes. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">But,
by having the largest adult brain of all the primates, doesn’t it just make
sense that we would be born with the smallest <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">relative </i>brain size, regardless of the pelvis? Maybe it does not
now, but it will after a closer look at other primates. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Chimpanzees
and bonobos (closely related apes of the genus <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pan</i>) have the largest adult brains and the smallest relative brains
at birth out of all the nonhuman primates. Born with roughly 40% of their adult
brains, as mentioned above, chimpanzees have the most postnatal brain growth to
accomplish of all the nonhuman primates. What is the explanation? Not the OD.
Chimpanzees do not have a tight fight between bony birth canal and neonate and
they are not habitually bipedal. But, of all the primates except for humans chimpanzees
are also the most helpless as infants (they are intensely coddled by their
mother because they cannot strongly cling to her, cannot walk independently,
and are only active for a small portion of the day). With only 40% of their
brain growth achieved at birth, they have the longest period of postnatal brain
development of all the nonhuman primates. Those circumstances are significant
“solutions” to the OD for humans, but there is no special explanation for them
in our ape relatives. No one to my knowledge is suggesting chimpanzees are born
“early.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No one is suggesting that,
given the roomy birth canals, they <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">should
be</i> born later when they’re more developed and easier to care for.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No one is suggesting that they should be born
with more brains, or that they should be born with 50% of adult brain size like
capuchin monkeys are. No one is offering up an elegant hypothesis for
chimpanzee gestation length and infant helplessness that is unique to their
lineage’s evolution, and that conveniently links up to bony anatomy that
fossilizes so the hypothesis can extend back to scientific interpretations of
relics from their ancient past. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">For
humans to mimic chimpanzees and birth our babies with 40% of their adult brain
size, we would need to lengthen gestation seven more months to a pregnancy of
16 months. At seven months of age, we have 40% of our adult brain size. [Past
estimates by Portmann, and then echoed by Gould put our pregnancy at 21 months!
But based on updated knowledge of neonatal brain growth in chimps and humans,
16 months is a better number (DeSilva and Lesnik 2006).] Could our pelves
accommodate this slightly larger infant head, with its 3-4 cm increase in
diameter? It is difficult to say with certainty. However, women already vary by
this magnitude in dimensions of the bony birth canal and no one has correlated
this to meaningful variation in their walking or running ability. Further, no
one has demonstrated that increasing the present average in bony birth canal
dimensions by 3-4 cm would ruin bipedalism. While many reactions I’ve received
to this thought experiment highlight the very real trouble our broad neonatal
shoulders and large neonatal body size can cause, the point is to shine light
on the weak assumptions of the OD.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">The
simple act of searching what is known and what is unknown about the very
simple, seemingly straightforward assumptions and assertions in the obstetrical
dilemma hypothesis convinced me that it is flawed. If OD thinking sees the
shortest kid in class as a unique biological circumstance, then I now saw her
as being short for basically the same reasons as the next shortest kid in
class. Human gestation is much more like other primates’ and other mammals’
than OD thinking had led me to believe—a realization which led me to doubt our
pelvis was a unique influence on its duration. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">As
I pored over published charts of primate and placental mammal pregnancy length
I learned how it scales nicely with maternal body mass. The larger the mother’s
body, the longer the pregnancy, which explains why the great apes have the
longest pregnancies of all the primates. Body mass is often a proxy for
metabolic rate, which factors greatly into both enabling and constraining a
species’ average gestation length and fetal growth. I was delighted to see that
maternal mass was just as fundamental to pregnancy in whales and dolphins which
lack bony birth canals (Sacher and Staffeldt 1974). <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">What
jumped out to me was that maternal-fetal physiology is the primary constraint
on placental mammal gestation and fetal growth, including the construction of
costly brains. That constraint in humans is not reached until we grow our fetuses
right up to the size of the bony birth canal, which is usually just big
enough.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In other words, the tight fit at
birth makes it seem like we are stuck in this uniquely human obstetrical
dilemma, when really, we are just basically doing what placental mammals do—albeit
with an often terribly laborious labor at the end of it. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">With
our relatively small brains at birth human newborns are given an “early”
introduction to the world. But with our absolutely large brains and bodies at
birth and our absolutely long pregnancies, surely our gestation was not cut
short. [If humans are exceptional then perhaps it is our souped up metabolisms
compared to our closest relatives (Pontzer et al., 2016).] And, surely our
pregnancies were ending due to the fundamental metabolic constraints and
energetic costs of growing a fetus shared across species, not because of a
uniquely human premature evacuation of the fetus. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was difficult from this point on for me to
imagine what, if anything, the bony birth canal could have to do with the
evolution of human gestation length and fetal size. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">…<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">To
be clear, we have only superficialities in common with actual “altricial”
mammals like rat pups and wolf cubs. Our helplessness at birth is largely determined
by our small relative brain size (constrained by the <a href="https://www.pnas.org/content/109/38/15212" target="_blank">EGG hypothesis</a>) and its
relationship to motor-neuronal development. We also lost our grasping feet by
3.6 million years ago [see the <a href="https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/behavior/footprints/laetoli-footprint-trails" target="_blank">Laetoli footprints</a> in Tanzania that lack
grasping big toes], which changed how we carry
babies and how they cling (or not) to us. As toddlers, we develop bipedalism
when it is expected for a mammal, based on brain mass, which is a good
predictor of the time it takes to develop the brain (Garwicz et al. 2009). And
unlike actual altricial animals that are born prior to peak brain growth rate,
we are born after that peak like precocial mammals (Halley 2017). Humans do
have a long developmental period during which we grow our enormous brains and
during which we wire them up in wonderful ways, like for music and wit and
other wows of humanity. But it does not deserve a uniquely human explanation.
All big-brained primates take longer to develop than their smaller-brained
relatives, and while they do so, they learn complex behaviors, just not as
complex as ours. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Fans
of <i>Brave New World</i> have long been
aware of the consequences of our species’ stretched out life history: “...at thirteen a man is not yet sexually
mature; and is only full-grown at twenty. Hence, of course, that fruit of
delayed development, the human intelligence.” In this vein, Portmann (1969) and
others have argued that we are born early, not because of the hips, but because
of selection for additional extrauterine stimulation and its intellectual fruit
(see Dunsworth 2016b). But like the OD, that idea is also misguided because of
its unfounded assumption of our early birth. So far it is strongest to assume
that we are living proof of a birth canal that is large enough to accommodate
what mother’s metabolism can grow in utero. Neither bipedalism nor selection
for a longer postnatal learning period are significant determinants of
gestation length or fetal growth—at least, we have no such evidence at this
time. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">
</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">I
learned over the years that academic arguments can get personal. But the OD is
not a person and it surely is not God, so I hope to offend no one when I repurpose
Enlightenment lore here: We have no need of that hypothesis.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">[end of material from Dunsworth
2018]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Bipedalism
and the evolution of large-bodied, big-brained neonates do seem to have contributed
to childbirth difficulty. Acknowledging that and researching that can occur
outside the OD framework. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Here’s an example: </span><a href="https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1036&context=soc_facpubs">https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1036&context=soc_facpubs</a><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">There
is much about the OD that is unsupported, weak, and questionable in terms of
its logic and what has counted as evidence for it. I am extremely comfortable
saying “there is no obstetrical dilemma” until/unless the evidence changes. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">No
one has demonstrated that human babies are born early. If someone does, then
that would be the first step towards supporting the OD, but it would still not
seal the deal. Good luck demonstrating that (a) humans are indeed born early
and *also* that (b) the cause of that early birth is the bony birth canal and
not something else. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No, seriously, good
luck. I’d go back in a DeLorean and re-do my dissertation if I could. Demonstration
or failure, either way, would be equally awesome. No offense to <i>Proconsul </i>feet,
because they led me to some great field seasons and they led me to here, but, wow…
what a humdinger of a dissertation that would be! <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Love
& Evolution,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">HD<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">References<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Animal Diversity Web. (retrieved Feb.
22, 2018) </span><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span color="" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="https://animaldiversity.org/">https://animaldiversity.org/</a></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif;">DeSilva,
J, and J Lesnik. 2006. “Chimpanzee neonatal brain size: Implications for brain
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif;">Dunsworth,
HM and L Eccleston. 2015. “The evolution of difficult childbirth and helpless
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif;">Dunsworth,
HM, Warrene,r A, Deacon, T, Ellison, P, and H Pontzer. 2012. “Metabolic
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif;">Dunsworth,
HM. 2016a. “Chapter 2: The ‘obstetrical dilemma’ unraveled.” In Trevathan W and
K Rosenberg, editors: C</span><i style="font-family: cambria, serif;">ostly and Cute:
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif;">Dunsworth,
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; line-height: 115%;">Dunsworth,
H.M. 2018. “There is no ‘obstetrical dilemma’: Towards a braver medicine with
fewer childbirth interventions.” <i>Perspectives
in Biology and Medicine </i>61(2): 249-263. </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30146522/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30146522/</a><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; line-height: 115%;">. </span>OA
preprint: <a href="https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1018&context=soc_facpubs">https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1018&context=soc_facpubs</a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Dunsworth,
HM. 2007. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Human Origins 101</i>.
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AC. 2017. “Minimal variation in eutherian brain growth rates during fetal
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif;">Huxley,
A. 1932. </span><i style="font-family: cambria, serif;">Brave New World. </i><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif;">New York:</span><i style="font-family: cambria, serif;"> </i><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif;">Harper and Row.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif;">Garwicz,
M, Christensson, M,and E Psouni. 2009.” A unifying model for timing of walking
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SJ. 1977. </span><i style="font-family: cambria, serif;">Ontogeny and Phylogeny</i><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif;">.
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; line-height: 200%;">Karp,
H. “What is the fourth trimester?”
(retrieved Feb. 22, 2018) </span><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; line-height: 200%;"><a href="https://www.happiestbaby.com/blogs/blog/fourth-trimester"><span color="" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">https://www.happiestbaby.com/blogs/blog/fourth-trimester</span></a></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: x-small;">Kuzawa,
C. W. 1998. “Adipose Tissue in Human Infancy and Childhood: An Evolutionary</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Perspective”
<i>Am J Phys Anthropol </i>41: 177–209.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; line-height: 200%;">Misty,
FJ. 2017. Pure Comedy [Official Music Video]. YouTube (retrieved Feb. 22, 2018) </span><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; line-height: 200%;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wKrSYgirAhc"><span color="" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wKrSYgirAhc</span></a></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif;">Portmann,
A.1969. </span><i style="font-family: cambria, serif;">A Zoologist Looks at Humankind</i><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif;">.
Schwabe: Basel. Translated in 1990 German text by Schaefer J. New York, NY:
Columbia University Press.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face="" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif;">Sacher,
GA, Staffeldt, EF. 1974. “Relation of gestation time to brain weight for
placental mammals: implications for the theory of vertebrate growth.” </span><i style="font-family: "times new roman", serif;">Am Nat</i><span face="" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif;"> 18(963): 593-615.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif;">Small,
M. 1999. </span><i style="font-family: cambria, serif;">Our Babies, Ourselves: How
biology and culture shape the way we parent.</i><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif;"> New York, NY: Anchor.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Trevathan,
W. and K. Rosenberg. 2016. “Human evolution and the helpless infant.” In <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Costly and Cute: Helpless infants and human
evolution</i>, edited by Trevathan, W. and K. Rosenberg, 1-28. Santa Fe: SAR
Press.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Zuk, M. 2013. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Paleofantasy</i>. New York: W.W. Norton.</span><o:p style="font-size: 12pt;"></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face="" style="font-family: cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>Holly Dunsworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05260104967932801186noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1812431336777691886.post-54034804436019870712020-08-10T15:29:00.001-04:002020-08-11T10:04:00.511-04:00A Sunshine Sonnet<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; margin: 0in;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">H</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">ere's a song for solar, sitting in sun on the roof</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;">Saving climate-warming smoke from smogging up the air<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;">There to soak up sunlight--and not at all to seem aloof--<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;">Helping make our climate cooler and, if cloudier, more fair!<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;">To leave our vital orb in peace, up there at work alone<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;">And be benign to living creatures here and yet to come<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;">So even at our story's end, when we ourselves are done<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;">Our followers find fallow earth abed in fertile loam<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;">Still able to bear fruit on which those who come will live<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;">A ready harvest for their livelihood, for them and for their foals,<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;">Of man and beast, of flow'r and crop, ability to thrive<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;">An ample source of nutrients alike for all their souls:<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;">This is a basic wish, if as well a fervent plea<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;">To give the future what <i>we</i> had--a decent destiny.<o:p></o:p></p>Ken Weisshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02049713123559138421noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1812431336777691886.post-82039000256539938082020-07-24T14:42:00.000-04:002020-07-24T14:42:06.529-04:00Philosophy of Science? Who needs it?<i><b>What is 'philosophy' of science? Does anyone actually need it?</b></i><div>When I was an undergraduate, I was a math major and took an unofficial philosophy minor. Why I chose these, and in this order, I can't really remember--maybe because I didn't want to be a pre-med, or was decently good in math, or because a classmate's enthusiasm led me to it.</div><div><br /></div><div>I never became a mathematician, though I did do some professional computer programming, and more of that years later as a graduate student. I never took further philosophy courses, but kept my interest, both as a graduate student and then during my career as a geneticist and epidemiologist.</div><div><br /></div><div>Math is of course a tool with many practical uses, and discovering facts about logic and numbers and the like is of interest in its own right (to some people, at least, including those with the level of abilities needed to probe these sorts of things). But mathematics is not just about practicalities of quantitative things. It's also about logic, and reasoning, and mind-bewildering things like aspects of 'infinity'. That's a word easy to write but a concept very difficult to intuit (even if one can, properly trained, manipulate infinities mathematically).</div><div><br /></div><div>Infinity can be handled mathematically, but what does it mean? How can some <i>thing </i>in or about Nature actually be 'infinite'? We can write down numbers without ever coming to an end, and mathematicians can write down theorems (and even prove them) about infinity--indeed, about levels of infinities! </div><div><br /></div><div>But what about the real world? Can space, for example, really be infinitely large (which, among other possible interpretations, means it goes on 'forever', without any kinds of boundaries). Well, we can imagine that there is nowhere a Keep Out fence at the limits of space, with literally nothing (not even 'nothing'!) on the other side.....well, can we <i>really </i>imagine that?</div><div><br /></div><div>In fact (not fiction!), mathematicians have long dealt with different levels or degrees of 'infinity'. There are the integers 1,2,3.... which go on without end, at least in principle. No matter what number might seem to be at the end, you can always add a '1' to it and write the next number in line. It's a countable kind of number even if it's not practically countable.</div><div><br /></div><div>But infinity can be like the number of points between any two spots on, say, a ruler. Like, say, one inch. That number is not limited. You can identify tenths of an inch, and make little marks, or hundredths, or thousandths.... but this has no end. Of course, you can't actually physically find such spots on a ruler, but they exist in theory.....don't they? How do we know that? How do we know that an inch in some ruler or some place in space, actually has trillionths of an inch inside it? We can write down such numbers, and manipulate them, but how do we know they actually exist?</div><div><br /></div><div>How can we know that space, our universe, had some sort of 'beginning' and what was before that?</div><div><br /></div><div>Mathematicians and relevant scientists can write down all sorts of things about these entities.....or facts.....or whatever they really are. They can add and subtract them and express them as angles or distances and so on. But is this kind of thing real in some sense? How can we know? How can we know that there are quadrillionths of an inch (indeed, exactly a quadrillion of them!) not just in this or that inch, but in <i>every </i>inch!? These concepts are imagined, and we think they are, in some sense, real. But are they and in what sense?</div><div><br /></div><div>Why, in this sense, does mathematics actually work, not just on paper in a class but in the real world out there--indeed, our here and there and <i>everywhere</i>?</div><div><br /></div><div><b>What about stuff and processes?</b></div><div>Well, it's more than just numbers. How can we know that stars are actually there (or, rather, that they at least <i>were </i>there when the light we see from them left them)? In what sense do we know that gravity is real? If I drop my pen, it will fall at a certain speed that I can measure. But if I pick it up and drop it again, why am I very sure that the same will happen if I drop it again?</div><div><br /></div><div>The basis of what we call 'science' is the assumption that the universe is orderly, here and everywhere, and that 'orderly' means that it follows certain rules or is controlled by certain forces, or something of that sort, that are general rather than locally <i>ad hoc</i>. For example, the force of gravity depends on various things, like nearby masses, but given that it is universal. And it weakens in an orderly way <i>universally</i>. And carbon is carbon....everywhere!</div><div><br /></div><div>How do we....how <i>can </i>we....know such generalizations? Here are some thoughts about this....</div><div><br /></div><div><b>In our world, they <i>must </i>be true!</b></div><div>One answer to such a question is a rather fundamental kind of assumption. On earth, since the beginning of what we now call 'science', people have observed the regular predictability of things. Long ago, quantitatively inclined observers noticed that they could develop methods to describe and even predict things about the real world--we call that 'mathematics' and it works to extreme precision.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>The universe seems orderly in a universal sense!</b></div><div>What we can see of the universe, through telescopes and space-craft suggests this kind of universal uniformity. We haven't explored it enough to be absolutely sure, of course, but spacecraft seem to behave just as we'd expect if physical universality were true. There are, of course, those who posit other universes, and of course there could be different laws of nature in different universes.....although if they are all made from the same beginning (or infinitely long existence), we would expect them to be the same or, at least, to change in some orderly way. So, to me, multiverse theories don't really bear on the question for <i>our </i>universe.</div><div><br /></div><div>It's not just math--it's the universe--that's.....<b><i>universal</i></b>!</div><div>We can do math here, there, or everywhere, since math <i>per se</i> is just the manipulation of symbols according to certain rules that we, ourselves, have posited. In that sense, it's just a kind of fiction and indeed once we've somehow decided on our axioms, rules for logical reasoning, and so on--our 'givens'--everything else follows 'automatically' (that is, for those clever enough to make the deductions properly).</div><div><br /></div><div>What is perhaps most interesting about math is that, given these basic assumptions, mathematical reasoning and the deductions it leads to seem to fit the world....perfectly and universally! There is, to take a baby example, no place anywhere in which 2 + 2 does not equal 4. We might say, indeed, that this equation 2+2=4 is just a description, in terms we devised, of reality. But to assume that is a correct assessment, we have further to assume that the reasoning in that equation is universal. In fact, the symbols and basic precepts are in a sense just descriptions or labels. Mathematicians get very intricate with this, but it boils down to manipulating symbols according to some axioms, or rules, that we assume are universal. Indeed, we define '2' and '+' and '=' in a way that makes the equation a shorthand for what we observe. Complex equations just express more complex situations, and to show that an equation or generalization is 'true' we use rules of reasoning to construct proofs.</div><div><br /></div><div>It so happens that this was done with the real world in mind, so the results generally apply to the real world, but there could be types of 'math' that have assumptions that don't fit the observed world, and we could see where that leads....just for interest.</div><div><br /></div><div>But for aspects of math, or other sciences, that we find to apply generally here on earth, or seem to apply to what we can see in space, can we say that they are 'universal'? There may be 'universes' where these things don't work, but these are, so far, just imaginary.</div><div><br /></div><div>The mystery of mathematics, like much else in science, is the philosophical one: we can make observations, here and there, and then make <i>generalizations</i> about them that we often call 'laws' of Nature, because they seem to apply everywhere, even to areas of observation that had nothing to do with the formation of these 'laws'. Indeed, in the history of science, sometimes data did <i>not </i>do that, and we had to reformulate our theory of knowledge. The obvious case is the way in which observational and theoretical science based on observation replaced received explanations (such as evolutionary biology having replaced biblical Genesis accounts of the living world).</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Nonetheless....</b></div><div>Still, science provides what seem to be generalizations but we can rarely (if ever) prove that the latter are universally true, or permanently true....unless just by definition, and that may not be very interesting or even helpful in our wish to understand existence!</div><div><br /></div><div>It is the <i>philosophy</i> of science that in a sense accounts for our willingness to accept that what we call 'science' is more than just a list of what we've observed so far, and indeed that it applies to what we will see <i>in the future</i>. Careless or casual or philosophically uninterested scientists may just putter along, applying current theories and the like and doing real science in their daily lives. But history shows that at various times, such routine 'normal science' runs into technical, or even conceptual barriers to further progress. At such points we struggle to explain what we see in various ways--as mistakes, for example--or to shoe-horn the findings into the current theory.</div><div><br /></div><div>We can always account for what we see by saying, for example, that "God made it so." Such an assertion cannot be falsified, but is so <i>ad hoc </i>that it provides no help for what we might want or expect to observe tomorrow. That is where science comes in, because it <i>generalizes</i> about Nature and makes predictions possible and makes new findings fit in with existing explanations.</div><div><br /></div><div>Indeed, when this is not possible it forces us to seek better explanations, or new theories! If we can't rely on saying "God just made it so," we have to try to fit diverse observations into the same explanatory framework, the same kinds of causes we know about, and so on. That's basically what <i>science </i>is.</div><div><br /></div><div>The philosophy of science is the study of how and why this works. Many scientists never studied the philosophy of science and scoff at its importance. But they use it, implicitly, every day. That is what they're doing when they do something different from what's been done in the past, but assume it will work because Nature has a structure--it is generalizable. It has regularities--'laws'.</div><div><br /></div><div>Without belief that Nature really <i>is </i>law-like in this way, science as we know it would be impossible.</div>Ken Weisshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02049713123559138421noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1812431336777691886.post-18136060945861602402020-07-14T06:00:00.002-04:002020-07-21T15:30:31.268-04:00Barely thinking<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><i>Barely thinking<o:p></o:p></i></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><font size="5">B</font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">arely clad, and strutting close along the shore<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">Of Covid's threat they barely think, and show no fear;<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">They romp and show off most of fronts and hinds,<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">As evening functions dance enticing in their minds.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">But fancied dance is not their only form of 'ance':<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">Defiance is another, also known as <i>ignorance</i>!<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">So gaily run are toes through shifting grains of sand<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">No virus seen, and outdoor fun is oh, so very grand!<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">While unseen germs bind silently to inner cells<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">With damage that may anon cause deathly ills:<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">Do they imagine that then their friends will come to call?<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">Instead of saying "Who? Someone I barely know at all!"<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><o:p> </o:p></p>Ken Weisshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02049713123559138421noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1812431336777691886.post-10219268765088656672020-06-17T11:10:00.001-04:002020-06-17T11:11:37.011-04:00The Miracle Waters?<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">This verse is inspired by Emile Zola's 1890 novel, <i>Lourdes</i>, but still </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">seems </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">cogent </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">for our time.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic;"> </b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><i>On the road to Lourdes</i></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">The passengers who ride the desperation train<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Seek healing waters in the cave at Lourdes.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">They travel thinking it is not in vain:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Was not the fount put there by God<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">To give relieving cure of painful ills<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Assuaging fears and easing sores away--<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">A remedy for ineffective pills?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Thus the faithful seeking cures did pray!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="background: white; color: #222222;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">A cathedral rides upon the hill above<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">The cave that to the faithful offers cures,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Who there as hopeful pilgrims come in droves,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Buying idols, trinkets, and of miracles assured.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">While after hawking baubles all day long<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">And oe'r the fount, inside a grand aerie,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">The clergy dine in style above the throng.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">O, is that e'er how power doth betray?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">It isn't just the Church that lives this way<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">By making vows to bleed the trusting crowd:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">The politicians use this ploy to tax our pay<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">For feathered nests of empty promised vows;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">They tell voters if elected they'll serve them<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">But once in office dine and wine in style<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Their sinecures as glitt'ry as fine gems<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">As thus their greed they service all the while<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">The lesson for those who in need of aid<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Is that the con-man hovers like a hawk<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Looking for a sucker's purse to raid<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">In silence, or with laws, they seek their mark.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">But are the 'holy' sites a different ilk--<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Of truth well-proved or at least true believed,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Or but another way the pilgrim's purse to pick<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">And of their wealth to sorely be relieved?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">So: <i>could</i> a 'Lourdes' be of a proper kind--<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Of more than just the clerics' means of gain<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">That doesn't prey on people sore of mind<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">But finds a way to salve their inner pain?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Instead of tacky tourist souvenirs<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Can honest help be offered those in need<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">By means that help abate their blank-eyed fears<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">And truly be of kind and selfless deed?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">If thus, the road to Lourdes would be well-paved<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">By softly easing anguished inner pains<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">And lives still here on earth that can be saved<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Thus truly taking care of healing aims,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">A living Lourdes that lessens illness' toll<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Instead of just a gawking tourist's cave:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Ah, making that would be a worthy goal<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><i><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">If</span></i><span style="background: white; color: #222222;"> the aim were needy souls to save!<o:p></o:p></span></p>Ken Weisshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02049713123559138421noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1812431336777691886.post-52685699737818287492020-06-04T00:00:00.007-04:002020-06-04T11:47:13.744-04:00Olde Tyme Nostalgia: Bye-bye Pub!<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;"><o:p><font size="4">W</font><span style="font-size: 12pt;">e have spent quite a lot of time in England--I originally for several years on the east coast as an Air Force weather officer, and then later on academic sabbaticals in Oxford and Cambridge...and our son and his wife have even taken British dual citizenship because they like the style of life so much there. Over the years we've seen the relentless, remorselessly insatiable corporate takeover of the pub, so to speak, as vapid bottled commercial brews (by whatever mega-corporation) have overtaken the original, traditional local British brews-on-tap. Going fast are the 'pint of bitters' or 'half and half'..... Profit over all, the way of our commercial world, a greedy genie that our societies somehow can't put back in the bottle, so to speak. So, here's a bit of nostalgia.....</span></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;"><o:p><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><i><span style="background: white; color: #222222;"><br /></span></i></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><i><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">The Passing Pub</span></i><span style="background: white; color: #222222;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Bye-bye, pub, we’ll see ya, pints<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Your ales are in an ailing state!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Bud and Miller, bottled mints<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Make changing ‘pubs’ to ‘bars’ your fate<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">To sit and chat o’er beer that’s flat<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">And slowly drain a mug’s contents<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">In contemplation or idle chat<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Of soccer scores or cricket runs<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Ah, there were once our evenings spent<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Uniquely British, that they were<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">With pints in mugs, day’s main events...<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">But now it’s just a plain ol’ bar<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Of bottles drunk up, slug by slug:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Off the cap and down the hatch<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Not even from a glass or mug<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Without the quiet talk to match<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Oh, pub! Oh, pub! Where have you gone?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">We miss you badly, now you’ve changed:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Of pints of bitters from tap drawn<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">And British culture.....we’ve been drained!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><i><span style="background: white; color: #222222;"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p>Ken Weisshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02049713123559138421noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1812431336777691886.post-79359453236735720032020-06-01T16:45:00.000-04:002020-06-06T06:56:28.159-04:00It is unethical to teach evolution without confronting racism and sexism (updated, additional resources)<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">It's been 1.5 years since I posted this: <a href="https://ecodevoevo.blogspot.com/2018/11/it-is-unethical-to-teach-evolution-no.html">https://ecodevoevo.blogspot.com/2018/11/it-is-unethical-to-teach-evolution-no.html</a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">There were so many ugly comments under its <a href="https://evolution-institute.org/it-is-unethical-to-teach-evolution-without-confronting-racism-and-sexism/" target="_blank">repost </a>at the Evolution Institute. But what was actually worse than the white supremacist shit on social media was a not insignificant resistance among professors and teachers who teach biology/evolution and who felt strongly that confronting racism was not their job. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">"There's no room in the semester" was common, and there was also plenty of "that's not my problem." </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">Maybe recent, intense anti-racist activism in response to a rapid series of horrific, racist violence on top of a racist pandemic on top of a blatantly and shamelessly racist Administration has</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"> changed some of those scientists' minds about what is and what is not their problem</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">If so, perhaps these resources I'm sharing below will help others design their approaches to tearing down racism and sexism in their evolution courses, like I try to do. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">In the 2018 post, I suggested that people bring in anthropologists, social scientists, journalists, historians, etc to deal with racism and sexism if they'd rather collaborate or punt on the problem, but I guess that working with colleagues in other departments isn't taken as a serious suggestion. No idea. But it was a serious suggestion. I'm not great at this but I'm always trying to get better and I'm more than willing to help colleagues who are less experienced than I am. I'm experienced enough to get my human evolution course designated to count for "diversity and inclusion" general education credit and so are many anthropologists, some of whom may be working at your very institution! Look around!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">I teach a whole unit on race/racism and sexism in my introductory Human Origins and Evolution course (APG 201). It's at the very end. I begin the unit with our first coverage of Neanderthals and we explore how they've been othered throughout history. Students easily see how the history of the scientific treatment of Neanderthals fits with how Linnaeus and his peers and those he influenced (like Darwin) othered and categorized humans, justifying human oppression with bad evolutionary "logic," in an increasingly global political economy through to today. Darwin's just-so story about how intelligence evolved is just horrid and so are his passages about the "lower races" and how they relate to other primates (as opposed to Europeans who are, you guessed it, the higher races). It's always a struggle to decide whether to read those passages from <i>Descent of Man</i> aloud or not; some semesters I have and others I haven't, but I always share Darwin's b.s. on race (and gender), even if I don't read it out loud. After that history lesson about the foundations of evolutionary biology, we cover eugenics, Ota Benga, and how race, the system of oppression, has had negative biological consequences on human health. It's important that students learn that "race" is not a synonym for biological variation, ancestry, or skin color. Despite many of them being so progressive, many still think "race" is just human biological variation. It's clear, for many of them who take APG 201, that there is no race without racism which is why race is not merely about how humans vary in skin color and so talking about skin color variation, for example, is not talking about the complex social-political phenomenon of race. We consider, deeply, how observed physical differences are too easily parlayed into imaginary evidence for imaginary cognitive and behavioral differences. We challenge the old, exclusive, oppressive history of the telling of our shared human origins story in order to tell a new story that can be embraced by us all. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">Not being able to lead those weeks of lecture and discussion in the classroom, and, instead, having to somehow lead 120 students through these issues remotely during the pandemic this semester wasn't ideal. But the discussion prompts that they worked on, remotely, are prompts that I will be keeping even when we return to face-to-face learning. I'm pasted them here, and at the end of this post, I included the letter I wrote to my students at the end of the semester. </span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">Wednesday, April 15 <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">Ancestry is not race is not human biological variation<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>TODAY’S PROMPT: </b>Distinguish all three of the following
from one another: ancestry, race, and human biological variation.<b> </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: small;">Resources for your contributions towards your group’s answer to today’s prompt: </b><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">These are the only resources you may use. Obviously there are far more than you need in order to contribute and obviously they are not all required.</span> </span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">·<span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Human
Races are not like dog breeds - Norton et al. (EEO)</span><span style="color: #222222;"><br />
</span><a href="https://evolution-outreach.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12052-019-0109-y"><span style="background: white; color: #888888;">https://evolution-outreach.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12052-019-0109-y</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: blue;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Chapter 15: Ten Facts about human
variation – Marks (Human Evolutionary Biology)<u><span style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"> <a href="https://webpages.uncc.edu/~jmarks/pubs/tenfacts.pdf">https://webpages.uncc.edu/~jmarks/pubs/tenfacts.pdf</a> (copy and paste that URL into your browser because just clicking on it may not
work)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 115%;">There’s No
Scientific Basis for Race—It's a Made-Up Label: It's been used to define and
separate people for millennia. But the concept of race is not grounded in
genetics—Kolbert (NatGeo) </span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2018/04/race-genetics-science-africa/"><span style="color: blue; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: hyperlink;">https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2018/04/race-genetics-science-africa/</span></a></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%; text-transform: uppercase;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 115%;">Surprise!
Africans are not all the same (or why we need diversity in science) – Lasisi </span><b><span style="line-height: 115%; text-transform: uppercase;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://anthrograd.com/2017/10/18/surprise-africans-are-not-all-the-same-or-why-we-need-diversity-in-science/">https://anthrograd.com/2017/10/18/surprise-africans-are-not-all-the-same-or-why-we-need-diversity-in-science/</a></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 115%;">Human Skin Color Variation (NMNH): </span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/genetics/skin-color">http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/genetics/skin-color</a></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b><span style="line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 115%;">Skin color is an illusion –<b>
</b>Nina Jablonski (14 mins video): </span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://www.ted.com/talks/nina_jablonski_skin_color_is_an_illusion?language=en">https://www.ted.com/talks/nina_jablonski_skin_color_is_an_illusion?language=en</a></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><b><span style="line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 115%;">Skin Deep. By: KOLBERT, ELIZABETH, National Geographic,
00279358, Apr2018, Vol. 233, Issue 4 (via URI library, and you may have to go
in and find it yourself, but here’s the link just in case… ) </span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://web.a.ebscohost.com.uri.idm.oclc.org/ehost/detail/detail?vid=5&sid=a198d26e-2dc0-4a4e-90fb-5bef0a9b910c%40sdc-v-sessmgr01&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#AN=129188416&db=a9h">http://web.a.ebscohost.com.uri.idm.oclc.org/ehost/detail/detail?vid=5&sid=a198d26e-2dc0-4a4e-90fb-5bef0a9b910c%40sdc-v-sessmgr01&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#AN=129188416&db=a9h</a></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">Friday, April 17 <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">There is no race
without racism; Racist science<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>TODAY’S PROMPT: </b>Support the fact that there is no
“race” without racism.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
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<b style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: small;">Resources for your contributions towards your group’s answer to today’s prompt: </b><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">These are the only resources you may use. Obviously there are far more than you need in order to contribute and obviously they are not all required.</span> </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->'National Geographic' Reckons With Its
Past: 'For Decades, Our Coverage Was Racist'<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/03/12/592982327/national-geographic-reckons-with-its-past-for-decades-our-coverage-was-racist">https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/03/12/592982327/national-geographic-reckons-with-its-past-for-decades-our-coverage-was-racist</a></span><u><span style="color: blue; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="line-height: 115%;">There's
no such thing as a 'pure' European—or anyone else – Gibbons (Science)<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/05/theres-no-such-thing-pure-european-or-anyone-else">http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/05/theres-no-such-thing-pure-european-or-anyone-else</a><span class="MsoHyperlink"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 115%;">Frederick
Douglass’s fight against scientific racism – Herschthal (NYT)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/22/opinion/frederick-douglasss-scientific-racism.html"><span style="color: blue; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: hyperlink;">https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/22/opinion/frederick-douglasss-scientific-racism.html</span></a></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 115%;">The unwelcome
revival of race science—Evans (The
Guardian) <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/mar/02/the-unwelcome-revival-of-race-science"><span style="color: blue; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: hyperlink;">https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/mar/02/the-unwelcome-revival-of-race-science</span></a><u><span style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span class="MsoHyperlink">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="MsoHyperlink">A lot of Southern
whites are a little bit black – Ingraham (Washington Post)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2014/12/22/a-lot-of-southern-whites-are-a-little-bit-black/?utm_term=.19a493c03ee0">https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2014/12/22/a-lot-of-southern-whites-are-a-little-bit-black/?utm_term=.19a493c03ee0</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 115%;">Skin Deep. By: KOLBERT, ELIZABETH, National Geographic,
00279358, Apr2018, Vol. 233, Issue 4 (via URI library, and you may have to go
in and find it yourself, but here’s the link just in case… ) </span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://web.a.ebscohost.com.uri.idm.oclc.org/ehost/detail/detail?vid=5&sid=a198d26e-2dc0-4a4e-90fb-5bef0a9b910c%40sdc-v-sessmgr01&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#AN=129188416&db=a9h">http://web.a.ebscohost.com.uri.idm.oclc.org/ehost/detail/detail?vid=5&sid=a198d26e-2dc0-4a4e-90fb-5bef0a9b910c%40sdc-v-sessmgr01&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#AN=129188416&db=a9h</a></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 115%;">From the Belgian Congo to the Bronx Zoo (NPR): </span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5787947">http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5787947</a></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><b>[Note! This is a
fictional account based on the real history.]</b>
A True and Faithful Account of Mr. Ota Benga the Pygmy, Written by M.
Berman, Zookeeper – Mansbach <a href="http://adammansbach.com/other/otabenga.html">http://adammansbach.com/other/otabenga.html</a> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><b>[Note! This is very dark sarcasm and not to be taken literally.]</b> How to write about Africa – Wainaina (Granta): <a href="https://granta.com/how-to-write-about-africa/"><span style="color: blue; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: hyperlink;">https://granta.com/how-to-write-about-africa/</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Anthropological
genetics: Inferring the history of our species through the analysis of DNA –
Hodgson & Disotell (Evolution: Education and Outreach) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12052-010-0262-9#page-1">http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12052-010-0262-9#page-1</a> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 115%;">Paternity Testing: Blood Types and DNA – Adams (Nature Ed)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/paternity-testing-blood-types-and-dna-374">http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/paternity-testing-blood-types-and-dna-374</a><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 115%;">Colonialism and
narratives of human origins in Asia and Africa—</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">Athreya
and Ackerman <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://osf.io/preprints/africarxiv/jtkn2/"><span style="color: blue; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: hyperlink;">https://osf.io/preprints/africarxiv/jtkn2/</span></a></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 115%;">#WakandanSTEM:
Teaching the evolution of skin color—Lasisi <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://humanhairdiversity.com/2018/02/28/wakandanstem-teaching-the-evolution-of-skin-color/"><span style="color: blue; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: hyperlink;">https://humanhairdiversity.com/2018/02/28/wakandanstem-teaching-the-evolution-of-skin-color/</span></a></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2018/04/from-the-editor-race-racism-history/"><span style="color: blue; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: hyperlink;">https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2018/04/from-the-editor-race-racism-history/</span></a></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> <u><span style="color: blue; mso-themecolor: hyperlink;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 115%;">In the Name of Darwin – Kevles (PBS) </span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/darwin/nameof/">http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/darwin/nameof/</a></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 115%;">Why be against
Darwin? </span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.22163">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.22163</a></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 115%;">Human Skin Color Variation (NMNH): </span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/genetics/skin-color">http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/genetics/skin-color</a></span><b><span style="line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 115%;">On the Origin of
White Power – Johnson (SciAm blogs)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/primate-diaries/on-the-origin-of-white-power/">https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/primate-diaries/on-the-origin-of-white-power/</a></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 115%;">White People Are
Noticing Something New: Their Own Whiteness—Bazelon (The New York Times) </span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/13/magazine/white-people-are-noticing-something-new-their-own-whiteness.html"><span style="color: blue; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: hyperlink;">https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/13/magazine/white-people-are-noticing-something-new-their-own-whiteness.html</span></a></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%; text-transform: uppercase;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 115%;">Surprise!
Africans are not all the same (or why we need diversity in science) – Lasisi </span><b><span style="line-height: 115%; text-transform: uppercase;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://anthrograd.com/2017/10/18/surprise-africans-are-not-all-the-same-or-why-we-need-diversity-in-science/">https://anthrograd.com/2017/10/18/surprise-africans-are-not-all-the-same-or-why-we-need-diversity-in-science/</a></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 115%;">Why white
supremacists are chugging milk (and why geneticists are alarmed) – Harmon (NYT)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/17/us/white-supremacists-science-dna.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/17/us/white-supremacists-science-dna.html</a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: #222222; line-height: 115%;">Why America’s Black Mothers and Babies Are in a Life-or-Death
Crisis - Villarosa (The New York Times)</span><span style="color: #222222; line-height: 115%;"> </span><u><span style="background: white; color: #1155cc; line-height: 115%;">https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/11/magazine/black-mothers-babies-death-maternal-mortality.html</span></u><span style="line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: #222222; line-height: 115%;">The labor of racism –Davis (Anthrodendum) </span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://anthrodendum.org/2018/05/07/the-labor-of-racism/"><span style="color: blue; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: hyperlink;">https://anthrodendum.org/2018/05/07/the-labor-of-racism/</span></a></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Human
Races are not like dog breeds - Norton et al. (EEO)</span><span style="color: #222222;"><br />
</span><a href="https://evolution-outreach.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12052-019-0109-y"><span style="background: white; color: #888888;">https://evolution-outreach.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12052-019-0109-y</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Against Human Nature—Ingold <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://www.mecon.nomadit.co.uk/pub/conference_epaper_download.php5?PaperID=23652&MIMEType=application/pdf">https://www.mecon.nomadit.co.uk/pub/conference_epaper_download.php5?PaperID=23652&MIMEType=application/pdf</a></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 115%;">Skin color is an illusion –<b>
</b>Nina Jablonski (14 mins video): </span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://www.ted.com/talks/nina_jablonski_skin_color_is_an_illusion?language=en">https://www.ted.com/talks/nina_jablonski_skin_color_is_an_illusion?language=en</a></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><b><span style="line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 115%;">Black
Americans Face Alarming Rates of Coronavirus Infection in Some States (NYTimes)<b><i>
</i></b></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/07/us/coronavirus-race.html"><b>https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/07/us/coronavirus-race.html</b></a></span><b><i><span style="line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">April 22<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">Sex, gender, sexism, and science<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>TODAY’S PROMPT:</b> Consult your friends, family, or the
Internet, or all and you’ll find that people associate evolution with sexism
(like they also do with racism). Explain
this association with either <b>(a)</b> science’s history of ignoring and
misinterpreting the evolution of the human female, and/or <b>(b) </b>the
enduring, infuriating misapplication of bad science to justify the evolved
“inferiority” of women.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: small;">Resources for your contributions towards your group’s answer to today’s prompt: </b></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif;">These are the only resources you may use. Obviously there are far more than you need in order to contribute and obviously they are not all required.</span> </span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Sex
Redefined – Ainsworth (Nature) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.nature.com/news/sex-redefined-1.16943?fbclid=IwAR2QNl_esA0ooF5dfaq0x7_FN7kB6rpi0V0KFfqnq8rdxnMn37xYi6Vm8QU">https://www.nature.com/news/sex-redefined-1.16943?fbclid=IwAR2QNl_esA0ooF5dfaq0x7_FN7kB6rpi0V0KFfqnq8rdxnMn37xYi6Vm8QU</a> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->The book that fights sexism with
science – review of Saini’s book (Guardian)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/aug/11/women-equal-to-men-science-fact-book-angela-saini">https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/aug/11/women-equal-to-men-science-fact-book-angela-saini</a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;">Darwin was sexist and so are many modern scientists – Horgan (Sci
Am) </span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/cross-check/darwin-was-sexist-and-so-are-many-modern-scientists/">https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/cross-check/darwin-was-sexist-and-so-are-many-modern-scientists/</a></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Bluebirds,
babies, and orgasms: the women scientists who fought Darwinism’s sexist myths –
Saini (Prospect)<b> </b><a href="https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/science-and-technology/bluebirds-babies-and-orgasms-the-women-scientists-who-fought-darwinisms-sexist-myths">https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/science-and-technology/bluebirds-babies-and-orgasms-the-women-scientists-who-fought-darwinisms-sexist-myths</a><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->How
Donald Trump Got Human Evolution Wrong – Dunsworth (Washington Post <span style="color: red;">– In case this is paywalled for you, I have posted the pdf
under Resources on Sakai</span>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2017/07/13/human-evolutions-biggest-problems/">https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2017/07/13/human-evolutions-biggest-problems/</a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Sexual selection – Brennan (Nature
Ed) <a href="http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/sexual-selection-13255240">http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/sexual-selection-13255240</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; color: #222222; line-height: 115%;">How the alt-right’s sexism lures men into white supremacy –
Romano (Vox)</span><span style="color: #222222; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2016/12/14/13576192/alt-right-sexism-recruitment" target="_blank"><span style="background: white; color: #1155cc;">https://www.vox.com/culture/2016/12/14/13576192/alt-right-sexism-recruitment</span></a></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 115%;">The
Clitoris, Uncovered: An Intimate History <b>(scroll
down to see 8 mins video)</b> </span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-clitoris-uncovered-an-intimate-history/">https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-clitoris-uncovered-an-intimate-history/</a></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">May 14, 2020<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">Dear APG 201ers,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">This is my last email blast to
the class.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">Grades are posted. Don’t panic if
there is a mistake. Mistakes are possible because of these strange
circumstances and because mistakes are in my genome. Just double-check your
grades in the gradebook on Sakai and then let me know what’s wrong, ASAP. If you
want to take the S/U option, then get cracking immediately with the URI
procedures (<a href="https://web.uri.edu/coronavirus/alternative-grade-option/overview/" target="_blank">https://web.uri.edu/coronavirus/alternative-grade-option/overview/</a>).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">Your Books of Origins were the
best I’ve ever seen. The sheer volume of awesomeness was overwhelming! I wish
you could all bask in this pile of art and ideas as I have—truly wonder-full.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">If you plan on returning to
campus when it reopens for face-to-face classes (whenever that will be), then
please come by my office (Chafee 132A) and pick your book up. Pick your
friends’ up too if that helps them out. It will be great to see you in person!
I’d love to talk about answers to any questions you posed directly to me in
your book or that you would like to chat about, period. I will hold onto these
books through summer 2021.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">If you take any more courses with
me, which I hope you do (APG 282G Sapiens: The changing nature of human
evolution; APG 399 Sex and Reproduction in Our Species; APG 411
Paleoanthropology; APG 412 Primatology) then you can just get
your book then. I hope you do take more anthropology courses even if they’re
not biologically-themed (i.e. taught by me) because we have a great program
that has lots of general education offerings for people who like to dabble in
anthro but don’t wish to add the anthropology major. Though, you should add the
anthropology major because it complements everything wonderfully. To find out
more about that and/or the minor, just reach out to me! <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">If you are not planning to return
to campus because you’re graduating, transferring, or for whatever reason, then
please email me your address so that I can snail-mail your back to you. I am
not extending this offer to those who are returning to campus because the cost
will add up and we can just hand it off in person!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">Congratulations on getting
through this semester. Whether you think it was a success or not, it’s over.
Before I wish you a good summer, I want to leave you with two important
sentiments that I wish I could have shared with you in the classroom…<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Facts are good and all, but…</b><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">While it may seem like learning
facts is the point of courses like APG 201, they’re not. You’re
in college to learn how to make knowledge, that is, to learn about how
knowledge gets made so that you can make knowledge your own and so that you
make knowledge yourself. No one goes to culinary school to learn recipes or to
learn <i>about</i> cooking. They go to culinary school to learn
how to cook, to learn how to make food. No one joins a sports team to learn the
rules of the sport. They do it to play the sport. Going to college is no
different. You are not here to learn <i>about</i> something, you’re
here to <i>do</i> something. What is that something? Making
knowledge, which is, simply put learning and thinking and learning and
thinking, on repeat, forever. Facts are good and all but what good are facts if
you can’t think like a professional thinker about them? Thinking like a
professional feels especially crucial now in this pandemic and also this time
of political disinformation. Thinking is our species’ superpower but for most
of us, realizing our potential requires much practice and much training, and
that’s what you’re doing in college. Facts came from human thinking. That’s
you. Thinking. You. Thinking is active, it’s doing. You’re here to <i>do</i>.
There are facts and there are stories we tell about those facts, which are not
the facts themselves but are the way all humans make sense of the facts! It’s
up to YOU to tell better stories than your ancestors. You will because you’ll
have no choice but also because you’ll be trained thinkers. It is your
superpower.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<ol start="2" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Being kind to people isn’t going to
end racism, sexism, etc… It takes hard work.</b><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">Everyone experiences racism and
sexism. If you are a man, then you experience it by not being a woman. If
you are white, you experience it by being arbitrarily privileged over people of
color merely for being white. If you have never had a negative racist or
sexist thing directed at you, those experiences still affect you personally
because someone you know has experienced them, and their lives affect yours. No
one is an island; Everyone’s lives affect everyone else’s and that’s never been
more palpable or salient for so many people than it is now during this
pandemic.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">By your writing, I glean that a
good majority of you have bought the myth that racism is treating
people badly because of their race and that racism is mostly a thing
of the past (presumably because you don’t see people treating people badly very
often). I call that racism a “myth” not because it’s not real
and harmful, but because believing that is all that racism is, is to
obscure the much tougher issues that are harder for white people to know exist,
to understand, and to try to help change if/when they do know they exist and
understand them. Racism is built into our sociocultural, economic,
and political systems which were founded in, and on the backs of, a horrific
slave-labor economy that simultaneously drove away and killed indigenous
peoples across this continent. Racism is built into how America runs
and, in spite of the Statue of Liberty, the United States has historically been
terribly anti-immigrant too. Because of history we have present-day systematic
oppression that excludes people from equal opportunity, from equal protection,
from full participation, and from power. That’s not freedom!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">Not knowing that racism is
built into our culture is like not knowing that we’re built from ancient
fishes, monkeys, apes, and our parents. Once you know history, you can’t deny
how it has shaped our present. “We are history” was an important quote
from Alice Roberts’ book for so many of you. One important difference
between our evolutionary history and our sociocultural-political-economic
history, is that while our biology cannot evolve into the future without our
parents’, ape, monkey, fish (etc) ancestry encoded in our genomes, our culture
CAN evolve into the future in such a way that eradicates the racism that
is encoded in our social, political, and economic institutions. Please, do keep
being kind. But, white people, we must do more than be kind to be not-racists.
Being kind and having beautiful beliefs about how we’re “all one human
race” is not enough; it’s not even close to enough.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">Instead of squandering their
privilege, white people must disrupt and change our society’s white supremacist
culture. Instead of squandering their privilege, men must disrupt and change
patriarchal traditions of oppression. It should help a great deal to know, as
you do as APG 201ers, that racism and sexism have no legit
footing in science, human evolution, or fantasies about “human nature. ” We
must continue to learn about race and racism and sex and sexism (and
other forms of oppression) above and beyond what we’ve done in this course and
you must carry that work forward, far beyond what you do at URI, for as long as
you’re capable. I’ll keep learning and fighting too; I promise. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">Have a great summer, and never
stop evolving!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;">Professor Holly Dunsworth<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
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<br /></div>
Holly Dunsworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05260104967932801186noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1812431336777691886.post-42614855426349682592020-05-05T12:18:00.001-04:002020-05-05T17:14:10.104-04:00<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><i>Of COVID-19: When will this be better?<o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;">W</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">hen will this be better?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
That’s my question, please!<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
When will lock-downs open up<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
So we can stroll just where we choose,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
And fearful days come to a stop?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
Tell me in a phone call, or just write me a letter<o:p></o:p></div>
Ken Weisshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02049713123559138421noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1812431336777691886.post-85060236812170956092020-05-03T14:45:00.001-04:002020-05-06T15:18:01.666-04:00More diverse versifying diversion<span style="font-size: large;">I</span>n these somber times, with no real definitively positive or even politically <i>non</i>-comical 'news', I think verse (imperfect as mine may be), rather than the appropriate and well-deserved scolding satire, is what we may need. It can at least distract us from what we can't help not being distracted from. So here are some thoughts, perhaps not <i>too </i>grim, of that rhythmic sort:<br />
<br />
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><i>In the grave reposing<o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
Wherefore would’st thou stay interred<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
When glee and gambol make the day;<o:p></o:p></div>
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Your sullen mood must be inferred<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
When you’re so down, so far away!<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
The pleasures found up here on earth<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
The dances, games, and hearty cheer<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
Make rising up the effort worth<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
Since life entombed’s so very drear.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
Play makes the somber spirit rise<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
And laughter ashen visage glow<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
While shaking off death’s sullen sighs<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
It smoothes away the morbid brow:<o:p></o:p></div>
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Thus can one have of earthly reverie a spell<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "times new roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
Escaping from the tomb’s remorseless silent knell<o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
And, for good (or bad) measure, in our hard times, another:<br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><i>The gravestones stayed grave<o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<i>(A springtime stroll in the old Montague graveyard<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<i>holding some of Anne’s ancestors)<o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<br /></div>
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Warmed were the stones we strolled through,<o:p></o:p></div>
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On this summery afternoon,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
Yet our forebears sleeping in their tombs<o:p></o:p></div>
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Seemed not to sense the date:<o:p></o:p></div>
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The season bright had now begun,<o:p></o:p></div>
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With flowers fresh in bloom,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
But instead of celebrating,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
They slept silently in state!<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
<br />Ken Weisshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02049713123559138421noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1812431336777691886.post-13079060954147897212020-05-03T08:51:00.000-04:002020-05-05T09:49:13.594-04:00The power of Darwin compels you to doubt him about sex differencesEvolution is true but our evolutionary explanations are always evolving and expanding in their complexity, or at least they should be encouraged to, when evidence supports it.<br />
<br />
I've found, however, that compelling stories about human evolution, especially those penned by Darwin, are too often preferred by scientists over others or over complexity. I think scientists are especially protective of evolutionary stories that preserve certain macho conceptions of masculinity and that are porn-adjacent. So it's no surprise that these stories dominate pop culture's understanding of human evolution.<br />
<br />
Everyone knows all about sexual selection. (Now before I go through it, briefly, you need to promise you'll read the rest of this blog post. I know from actual experience with readers and listeners in the classroom, that lots of folks will mistake this upfront explanation of the idea that I'm about to critique for my endorsement of this stuff. They'll read this part then tune out by the time I get around to critiquing it. Please don't fall for that.)<br />
<br />
Okay, right. Everyone knows all about sexual selection. Males compete with other males for sex with females. Winners get sex. This ratchets up, in their descendants, whatever physical attributes got them to win that sex that sent those attributes into the future. And, as arbiters of what's sexy and what's worthy of sex, females decide which male traits get shot into the future, ratcheting up over time what they thought was so sexy in those winners that they had sex with. Didn't you know? Where have you been? <i>Evolution is a game in which the winners get sex and the losers get nothing.</i> It's like Survivor and The Bachelor had a baby that got in a time machine, went back to England in the 1860s, and buddied up with Darwin.<br />
<br />
Sexual selection is the dominant evolutionary explanation for why men are taller than women. Men are tall because their tall winning ancestors won the sex. Over time this pulled men's height above the average height of women. That men are taller on average than women is taken to be legitimate evidence for this explanation.<br />
<br />
And we're all supposed to be totally cool with that automatic explanatory power of sexual selection. After all, it's Darwin's "second great idea" and he was so forward thinking by giving agency to females!<br />
<br />
So many of us who don't research sexual selection, directly, but who teach human evolution courses feel like we really have no choice but to carry on like this. It's canon. And we're supposed to be grateful that females got the power of choice! See? It's not *all* about males bashing each other apart for opportunities to have sex. It's okay! And sometimes it's about males being beautiful and doing beautiful things to attract females! So get on board, people... human evolution is evolution, too! We're not special. We're just like birds and fruitflies. Humans need to embrace sexual selection as a "force" in our understanding. Get with the program. <br />
<br />
I sure did. Sexual selection for big competitive males is what I've been teaching countless students for years and years. But, over those years it became an increasingly bizarre thing. I stopped growing when I got my period and that's when all the boys, who didn't get periods, kept growing. My period seemed to be the evolutionary reason I'm shorter than the average man. When you think about menstruation, ovaries, puberty, never growing tall enough to touch the rim, not that you have a chip on your shoulder or anything about that, then Darwin's ideas about male competition seem, suddenly, ridiculous.<br />
<br />
This is a great time to quote <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3826201/" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Sarah Hrdy</span></a>:<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
“Compared with Darwin’s exquisitely detailed observations of barnacles, coral reefs and orchids—even the emotional development of his own children—this consummate naturalist’s observations of women and other female primates were curiously cursory.”</blockquote>
<br />
And then in late 2016, after years of my teaching and being and increasingly doubting, Jerry Coyne got mad at PZ Myers for his understanding of evolutionary complexity and bias in evolutionary stories, specifically about sexual selection explaining human height differences. So, I piped up and <a href="https://www.thecut.com/2016/12/not-all-critiques-of-evolutionary-psychology-are-the-same.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: #cc0000;">it's all documented here</span></a>.<br />
<br />
Then, I got to work, because the Coyne thing suddenly made it clear to me how powerful and influential this story is. It was suddenly very important that I do something about it.<br />
<br />
The first thing I did was <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2017/07/13/human-evolutions-biggest-problems/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #990000;">rant about it in the Washington Post</span></a>, who gave it a clickbait title, which probably drove away the people I was primarily speaking to.<br />
<br />
And then I did a lot of reading about how skeletons grow. I sent a paper about it to Evolutionary Anthropology in the summer of 2018. Four reviewers saw the first version. Two of the four disliked it greatly. The other two disliked it less, and so it miraculously got "major revisions" rather than a rejection. Some of the major blowback was against my focus on "proximate" processes (like skeletal growth and hormone effects) which are not "evolutionary" to the minds of some reviewers and many people out there. One reviewer actually wrote that "the estrogen explanation is not evolutionary" to which I can only cry out to the universe: <i>then what is it, magical?</i><br />
<br />
The two mad reviewers dropped off in the second round and three new ones were added, totalling the anonymous reviewers to seven. By this time I had found a paper by some heavyweights and in a heavyweight journal to back up my approach that eschews the "proximate" versus "evolutionary" convention, passed down from Ernst Mayr.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WZl0EbbbTz4/Xq65LuBGNAI/AAAAAAAAFNA/lcGQ7e3EfI4bgFcalv33d6ECbMnz519UACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/laland.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="687" data-original-width="1110" height="247" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WZl0EbbbTz4/Xq65LuBGNAI/AAAAAAAAFNA/lcGQ7e3EfI4bgFcalv33d6ECbMnz519UACLcBGAsYHQ/s400/laland.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/334/6062/1512.long" target="_blank">link to paper</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Without Laland et al. to cite in revisions, I think my paper would have been rejected. That's how entrenched Mayr's convention is, to my mind. I wouldn't have been permitted to work outside of it, not yet at least. I'm grateful to the reviewers and the editor-in-chief who pushed me to improve the paper, like that and in countless other ways. It was published yesterday.<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-n8jETYundDM/Xq66E-mGGSI/AAAAAAAAFNI/MDWFTmNXrAQc7CELUZV0q0pSOfLrXNwzQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/expanding.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="534" data-original-width="1287" height="165" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-n8jETYundDM/Xq66E-mGGSI/AAAAAAAAFNI/MDWFTmNXrAQc7CELUZV0q0pSOfLrXNwzQCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/expanding.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/evan.21834" target="_blank">link to paper</a>; Open access (free)<a href="https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/soc_facpubs/37/" target="_blank"> link to paper</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
By this point, if you haven't heard me talk about this (which has been great fun where they've invited me into their lovely groups to do so), then you're wondering what the paper says. It says a lot about estrogen, ovaries, and periods. (It also says a lot about pelvic differences... so it says a lot about vaginas, uteruses, and clitorides too, which is a whole other ball of wax.) But I'm too pooped from all the activity around <a href="https://twitter.com/HollyDunsworth/status/1256600260576784384?s=20" target="_blank"><span style="color: #cc0000;">the Twitter thread I posted yesterday</span></a> to write too much more here on the Mermaid's Tale today. So, for now, I'll link to Twitter and <span style="color: #cc0000;"><a href="https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1256600260576784384.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: #cc0000;">to where someone unrolled </span><span style="color: black;">t</span></a>hat thread</span>.<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<div dir="ltr" lang="en">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #8899a6; font-family: "helvetica neue" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: center; white-space: nowrap;">HEY SEXUAL SELECTION!</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #8899a6; font-family: "helvetica neue" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: center; white-space: nowrap;">You think you are the reason why men are taller than women, but if you want to remain the star of this story, then... </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #8899a6; font-family: "helvetica neue" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: center; white-space: nowrap;">THE OVARY’S IN YOUR COURT. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #8899a6; font-family: "helvetica neue" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: center; white-space: nowrap;">I wrote a paper that you can’t ignore.<a href="https://t.co/oGQNu6yXcl">https://t.co/oGQNu6yXcl</a></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #8899a6; font-family: "helvetica neue" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: center; white-space: nowrap;">A (delighted) thread.</span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #8899a6; font-family: "helvetica neue" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: center; white-space: nowrap;">— Holly Dunsworth (@HollyDunsworth) <a href="https://twitter.com/HollyDunsworth/status/1256600260576784384?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">May 2, 2020</a></span></blockquote>
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If you hit a paywall at the journal where the paper lives, just download the pre-print for free here: <a href="https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/soc_facpubs/37/">https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/soc_facpubs/37/</a><br />
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I think my beloved former Professor Jeffrey Kurland from those glory days at Penn State would have hated this paper at first! But, if he weren't up in heaven now, we'd be yelling and yelling together, and it would be so much fun yelling together, and he'd at least entertain these ideas, and he'd think up brilliant ways to take the work further. And I so wish he were here with us now, but he will always be.<br />
<br />Holly Dunsworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05260104967932801186noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1812431336777691886.post-63849812207304584892020-04-28T19:21:00.001-04:002020-04-28T19:23:00.955-04:00More idle thoughts in the Time of Lockdown<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-size: large;">T</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">his blog site is generally about subjects like genetics, disease, science, and </span></o:p><span style="font-size: 16px;">our attempts to understand </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">the complexity of Nature. But, obviously, those of us not involved in the science to combat the corona virus, have are other things on our minds. For some--perhaps many or even most--it is the very idea of survival, the fear that "the virus could take </span><i style="font-size: 12pt;">me </i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">down, too!"</span></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Under these conditions, we've not been thinking about science, but about distraction, esthetics, musings on Nature and so on. In that spirit we offer this verse. It's about </span></o:p><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 12pt;">the small mountain adjacent to our new home with, that has a roughly </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 12pt;">road up to the top, where there are an observation tower and picnic tables. It's a road we regularly walk for exercize....and for something other than the virus to think about.</span></div>
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<b><i><span style="background: white;"><span style="color: blue;">Mounting Sugarloaf</span><span style="color: #222222;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 12pt;">In strolling up Mount Sugarloaf</span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222;"><span style="background: white;">One travels tors of old,</span><br /><span style="background: white;">A venerable pile of rock</span><br /><span style="background: white;">That in the stone reflects</span><br /><span style="background: white;">A past both slow and bold</span><br /><br /><span style="background: white;">There were no human witnesses</span><br /><span style="background: white;">On hand to note the course</span><br /><span style="background: white;">That slowly built the hillsides up,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222;">As layers rose and bent<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #222222;">With geologic force</span><span style="color: #222222;"><br /><br /><span style="background: white;">With shaking seismic happenings<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Its greatest shape was gained,</span><span style="color: #222222;"><br /><span style="background: white;">First lifting up and taking form;<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #222222;">But then as years wore by,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Eroding when it rained<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #222222;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #222222;">And now can <i>we</i>, when walking there<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #222222;">And witnessing what stays,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Of taller peaks and sharper crags<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #222222;">That humbler have been made,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Imagine ancient days!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Ken Weisshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02049713123559138421noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1812431336777691886.post-32834004926686746642020-04-27T10:32:00.000-04:002020-04-27T11:50:35.359-04:00I'd take a walk<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
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<b><i><span style="color: blue;">Taking a walk</span><o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
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I’d take a walk to get away<o:p></o:p></div>
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And for corona be not prey<o:p></o:p></div>
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But if it’s lurking everywhere<o:p></o:p></div>
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Then strolling can’t escape its lair<o:p></o:p></div>
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Each step may draw me close to doom<o:p></o:p></div>
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So, I’ll just hunker in my room!<o:p></o:p></div>
Ken Weisshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02049713123559138421noreply@blogger.com0